Finance and Accounting, Literature Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

finance and Accounting, - Literature review ExampleControversies such as those linked to the former GE CEO, Jack Welch and the big circuit board CEO Richard Grasso have made many companies to create a guideline that will be utilise to limit how such(prenominal) company executives can earn. It is important to none that even in the cases of the above CEOs, their execution and performance on the job was impeccable and many would cogitate that they earned what they had worked hard for (Jensen and Murphyn 200415). moreover, there is a perception that there was a lot of inadequate disclosure and that they received a little besides much despite their performance. According to the general conference convened by the International Labor Organization in 1951 the term remuneration was delineate as (Yang 2008654) the ordinary, basic or minimum salary and any redundant benefits that are payable whatsoever directly or indirectly, whether in cash or in kind, by the employer to the worker a nd arising out of the workers employment. Success on the other hand is mainly defined by the amount of output acquired as a result of ones ability to use the opportunity given to them to lead, supervise, mentor and motivate others usefully. Though many believe that performance is imperative, others postulate that traits and effective practices determine who one becomes and how much they achieve while at the executive position (Yang 2008654). Others believe that the lucky ones are not necessarily the most effective and the debate may go on for a long time. However, the main aim of this report is to look into the publishing of remunerations and how they are determined based on performance, success and commitment rather than astuteness to ascend to higher positions quickly. Analyzing Remuneration Packages The past history, if anything to go by, teaches the corporate world that managers, however effective, require having a maximum for the company to remain afloat even when they lea ve. upkeep is mainly given to those who draw so much that the divide between them and the employees widens every other day. plenty are entitled to get the maximum they can from their hard work. However, placing a cap on how much one can draw is also important for effective running of the company. Many however reason out that the lack of proper and adequate disclosure on how much each of these executives earns has placed a obstruction between them and other employees (Jensen and Murphyn 200413). Many believe that they are receiving record salaries and bonuses. As a result of this, the 1951 meeting sought to bring all told the remunerations at par within the companies without watering down the motivation of all the employees. For instance, GEs CEO had planned for some lavish retirement benefits that were kept secret to the board and the shareholders (Fama and French 200123). The reputation of one of the worlds greatest entrepreneurs was questioned. This incident led many to belie ve that this is what all the other CEOs were receiving. The case of the NYSE CEO was no different. He was accused that he was terminal point to receive a retirement benefit of close to $190 million in 2003 which was also not disclosed to the board (Jensen and Murphyn 200415). These cases bring about a lot of questions that the report will try to answer. The issue of disclosure is very vital in any organization based on the sensitivity of the remunerations issue. However hardworking these executives are, the

The Significance of Improving Productivity in the Hospitality Industry Essay

The Significance of Improving Productivity in the Hospitality Industry - Essay Example conception Productivity has a huge impact on all businesses some(prenominal) individual and corporate. In fact, the cordial reception pains is witnessing a steady free fall in productivity after World War II, and for many decades the industry effectively hid its unforesightful productivity behind the baby boom in the size of the market. match to estimates, the cordial reception industry is only 50% as effective as other industries. Still, it is surprising to comment that am effective strategy that could be used to measure the productivity in cordial reception industry is not available. This work intends to check why productivity is important in hospitality industry in particular bars and clubs, and also it tries to analyse the existing notion of and attitude towards productivity in the hospitality industry. Thereafter, it tries to extract some paths that can be adopted to improve produ ctivity in the hospitality industry, oddly bars and clubs. The Productivity Paradox of Hospitality Industry The main problem with hospitality industry, according to scholars, is poor productivity. From studies, it became evident that most people in the hospitality industry possess relatively little head closely the importance of human resources in the hospitality industry. In the opinion of Mill (2010), in hospitality industry, the role of human resources has been undervalued. ... cording to them, despite the best efforts by the hospitality industry to incorporate information engineering science in operations, there is no evident improvement in productivity. According to them, an important reason for this wish of evidence lies in the fact that there is no effective tool for the measurement of productivity improvement. In addition, it became evident from the study that those who used technology did not use it to improve productivity, but to improve the leaf node experience. Ano ther serious issue is that different people use different set of criteria to measure productivity (ibid). Similarly, the study by Ingram and Fraenkel (2006) looked into the perception of productivity among hospitality managers. It is pointed out that they possess little idea about the notion of productivity, and the more they tried to understand what productivity is, the more confused they became. The same opinion is revealed by Mill. So, it seems useful to look into the different ideologies on productivity. Definition of Productivity and its Measurement In the opinion of Gummesson (1998), it is both ambiguous and inadequate to measure service productivity. However, in the opinion of Reynolds (2004), as about 30% of the hospitality cost comes from labour, a general tendency in the industry is to reduce labour costs firearm maintaining productivity. However, an article published by the New Zealand Tourism Research Institute warns that the productivity targets achieved in this way wi ll not last long. This is so because reduced costs will lead to a decline in service standards. As Kimes (2001) states, this poor service, in turn, will affect customer satisfaction, which, eventually, will resolvent in poor sales, and finally, poor productivity. There are people like Parasuraman (2002) who argue

Evaluation of Aphrodite Greek Restaurant in Greater London Assignment

Evaluation of Aphrodite Greek Restaurant in great London - Assignment ExampleA deferential Maitre d guides the customer to a table or the Bar, either directly or through the adjacent cloakroom. The front half of the cloakroom is divided into twain by a lit-up wall, which has the figurines of the twelve Greek Gods in bas-relief, six on each face. Entrance from on that point into the restaurant is through a red-curtained doorway or into the bar through a blue-curtained doorway.Food is served both indoors and on the terrace, weather permitting. The terrace features Doric columns and a fountain around a statue of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of Love, Beauty and Eternal Youth, epitomizing the Restaurant complex. The new tables and chairs have an elegant marble look well-nigh them. Crisp Greek linen is used, with embossed The comprehensive Menu Card is elegantly designed with gauze-like lettering items and prices can be read easily. It lists dishes from across the country, like Moussa ka (stuffed tomatoes, aubergines or paprika), maridaki (fish) and Britzoles (chops). A separate barrel-shaped post-horse provides the equally comprehensive Wine List. Lighting is automatically controlled to maintain a fixed luminosity.The walls feature discreet Hellenic art. The non-slip floor is dark brown wood that pales inwards into cream-colored marble. The Centre-piece is a Harp which provides mellifluous receive music, reminiscent of the Seas around Greece.sets. The well-stocked bar displays many types of the traditional Greek drink, Ouzo, with its strong aroma of aniseed. Though colorless, Ouzo turns opaque white when ice or water is added.

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Law - Essay ExampleHowever it was soon realized that the current explanation was not adequate and hence required to be redefined to include a broader perspective. Accordingly various additive set of playactivities were included to broaden the scope of the term. According to section 11 of the Banking Act, certain activities included in the definition applied only to individuals and / or corporations, and every non-corporation which is not defined under this section, is forbidden to control out any banking business. Similarly under section 8, non-ADI corporations are forbidden from carrying out any banking business (Com law, 2011). There is an ambiguity over the term any banking business. The sections 7 and 8 of the banking act prohibit the execution of any banking business although there is no clear consensus regarding the term. There are serious doubts regarding what can peradventure be considered as any banking business. According to the section 5, banking business includes ac ceptance of funds from the habitual AND making loans to them, but whether a business which is involved in only accepting deposits but not make any loans, is considered as banking business and vice versa, is questionable (Weaver et al, 2003). In Commissioners of the State Savings Bank of capital of Seychelles v Permewan, Wright & Co. Ltd, Issacs J, stated that the essential characteristics of the business of banking may be described as the collection of currency by receiving deposits upon loan, repayable when and as expressly or impliedly agreed upon, and the utilization of the money so smooth by lending it again, in such sums as are required (Guest, Chalmers, 2005, 11). In United Dominions boldness Ltd v Kirkwood 1966 2 QB 431 at 445ff, Lord Denning stated that, the times have changed drastically, ever since the definition of banking sic forward by Issac, and newer instruments of payment are now added and used as acceptable modes of payment. This includes the use of cheques - cross as well as uncrossed, and hence the same must also be included deep down the definition of banking (Gillies, 2004, 780). The Privy Council, in Bank of Chettinad Ltd v Colombo v Income Tax Commissioners, Colombo 1948 A.C. 378, original the following definition of banking a company which carries on as its principal business, the accepting of deposits of money on current account or otherwise, subject to withdrawal by cheque, draft or order (Brindle, coxswain and Coleman, 2004, 426). The definition of business of banking discussed so far, are inadequate on two grounds firstly, there is significant ambiguity over the term any business used in the definitions and secondly, not all modes of payments are befittingly covered under the definitions. Thus on account of these two reasons, defining what comprises of the business of banking becomes a intimidating task. 2. The two key duties imposed on customers in accordance with MacMillan and Greenwood rule under the Australian law inclu de (Hocking, Smith, 1999, 156) (i) The duty to exercise adequate care while drawing cheques so as to veto misleading the bank or to encourage forgery (the MacMillan duty) and (ii) The duty to inform the bank if any cheques allegedly signed by the customers are forged (the Greenwood duty) The first duty was laid down in the capital of the United Kingdom Joint Stock Bank Ltd. v Macmillan case while the second was laid down in the Greenwood v Martins Bank Ltd., case (Kelly & Holmes, 1997,

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 194

Assignment Examplelps in advicing the dest way to put on these devices and on the other hand, it gives some kind of products that are very hard to use in this attribute of connectivity. Amazon.com is an Ameri drop International electronis commerce company, the largest in the world online retailer founded by Jeffrey P. Bezos in 1994. MIS and IT look identical while they are not. MIS majors in business problems like marketing and accounting while IT focuses on the better understanding of technology (Laudon, Kenneth and Jane p. 6). When you walk out of the store, the radio waves are picked up by the spiral metal aerial in the label.The chip modifies the waves incoming and sends them back again by transmitting a unique identifier code as the receiver picks up the identifier code then sounds the alarm and so you can caught when you try stealing at the store using RFID. Critical path in a proposal is simply all errands that determine the end date in your project schedule. In case one ness of the errands is late by even a day, then the project will have to be across-the-board by a day. Social Engineering Attack refers to the psychological manipulation of people into performing actions or even divulging very confidential

From Englightenment to Romantisicm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

From Englightenment to Romantisicm - Essay ExampleMozarts oeuvre often focuses on these subjects he revolutionised traditional operas by making a member of the serving shape the hero of one of his masterpieces in Le Nozze di Figaro, where the popular figure of Figaro (a barber) triumphs over his social superiors because of his higher moral values, and because of his wit. The play by Beaumarchais on which the opera libretto was based was banned in Vienna in the times just before the French Revolution, as the content was deemed too inflammatory.The opera Don Giovanni remains to this sidereal day one of the most often performed operas worldwide. This idea will explain the particular fascination this opera still holds today by demonstrating the complexity of two of the main characters of the libretto, Leporello, Don Giovannis valet, and Don Ottavio, the fianc of Donna Anna, one of the women Don Giovanni tried to wee-wee.As in the comedian opera Le Nozze di Figaro Mozart and Da Pon te sketch a two-tier society and the characters in Don Giovanni are all members of the aristocracy or the serving class comprised of servants and peasants. Again, moral values are not identical with class and rank, but low ethics can be found in the aristocracy (Don Giovanni) and high morals can be found in the peasant class (Zerlina, Masetto). Leporello appears to be a case of his cause - in the first Act we find Leporello in the garden owned by the Commendatore whilst his master, Don Giovanni, is attempting to seduce Donna Anna, the Commendatores daughter and fiance of Don Ottavio. Leporello, although a loyal servant, is dissatisfied with his employment and with his master. He complains that he is kept busy day and night, as expressed in his aria Notte e giorno faticar which could be translated as day and night nothing but work. The close proximity to his master and the knowledge he has and so gathered about his masters life

Leisure and Tourism Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leisure and Tourism Operation Management - see ExampleAnother aim was to prove that the hypothesis of acceptance of this culture leads to devastating consequences and that last perturbation must be prevented, minimized, and managed.In order to meet the aims of the study, it was necessary to examine the causes and nature of turn over, whether it is considered to be evil or if it is considered to be good and necessary in the operation of companies. Existing arguments were examined as some recollect that high turnover is desired in the hospitality industry yet some do not believe it to be a positive topic. Another argument included turnover as a culture for the industry. Interviews from hotels/resorts owners and managers were used to provide which proved the writers hypotheses and aims.Turnover is when employees stay only for a short prison term before moving on or becoming dismissed for champion reason or another. (DAnnounzio-Green, Maxwell, & Watson 2002, summon Barron and Ma xwell, 1993, p. 5). Turnover is the result of both quits and layoffs. Thus, some turnover is a result of jobs in one firm being destroyed and jobs in another firm being created- and hence due to the reapportionment of jobs across the economy in response to changes Students Last Name 3in product demand. A majority of job changes, however, are because workers reshuffle across the same set of jobs, and this worker reallocation occurs over and above job reallocation, as written by Lane (2000).Some hospitality industry sources make known that turnover rate is between 100 and 150 percent each year. This causes poor attitude amongst ply and affects the quality of service and care that is given to the guests. (Crabtree, 2005.) It is usually considered to be a bad thing however, question has shown that a little turnover is essential to the well being of an organization. Scholtz (n.d.) reports that there are companies who have a turnover rate of ten percent or more and think it is a good thing because they are replacing the bottom performers with new people will improve organizational performance. A accepted amount of turnover may be desired by businesses. Some examples include high-pressured jobs with lots of customer contact such as working the counter at a fast food sales outlet or a high-volume cafeteria. (Mullins, 1998, p. 176.) At some time, pressure, difficult customers and repetitive tasks will affect performance. Therefore, some turnover is good. However, its negative consequences far outweigh the positive and turnover can snowball and get out of condition if not managed properly.There are many other consequences including lack of respect from the public, first experience on the job, harassment by customers, less than par working conditions, low wages, terrible work schedules, etc. A culture of high turnover in the company may consist of victimization at work. Whether it is by customers, other staff members, or management, this is extremely detriment to all. Victimized employees can experience a high level of stress, low tolerance of stress, tiredness, and headaches.

Advertising and Pricing Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

publicizing and Pricing Strategies - Essay ExampleThis feeling is as a result of Apples bell skimming strategy that excites late adopters who are able to get their expensive products at a trade price. This not only creates good will for the company, but also increases their revenue. Moreover, late adopters increase its market share. accord to Perreault, Cannon and McCarthy (2011), a price skimming strategy focuses on profit maximization by charging a high price for early adopters of a new product then reducing the price to puff thriftier consumers. Apple has adopted this strategy because it helps them to create an aura of prestige around their products while generating a get by of profits. Moreover, it allows them to reduce their prices to encourage consumers to buy.The purchase decision was informed by a number of factors. First, the affordability of the product. Second, the utility of the product. The iPhone 5c has a lot of features that add value to the consumer. Third, the uniqueness of the brand. Apple products have a beautiful design. Moreover, they are elite group products because their high price discourages most people from buying. The research process involved a comparison of divergent mobile phone reviews online. In addition, conversations with friends and family members reinforced the decision to purchase an iPhone

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 31

Reflection - Essay ExampleDiversity also offers a fat mix of characters in a diversified community to promote interactions of peoples strengths and weakness in an organization. A multi-cultured community therefore has an advantage of effectiveness and efficiency in generating solutions to problems, especially if the differences are managed effectively. The oppugn also established that the benefits of diversity apply across different fields.The interview changed my thinking over transcendence issues across diversity. I previously focused on major traits across cultures and believed that peoples potentials aim on their heathen orientations but the interview changed my thinking. I, however, know understand that individually culture is rich in potentials and that diversity is not the basis to determining an individuals ability. Learning of the advantage of integrating cultural features in a multi-cultured community for effectiveness has also apprised me that diversity is important and organizations should promote it.I appreciate cultural differences and try to learn more almost each culture because of my change in thinking. I interact with people from different culture, with honesty, and even try to incorporate their traits in my life and activities. My management has therefore shifted to developing diverse relationships that I currently work on.The important information that I learnt about diversity, from the cultural immersion, is the role of diversity decision making. While different cultures have different approaches to decision making, each approach is not perfect but integration of positive elements from each culture improves decision-making process, leading to informed decisions.The knowledge has developed a new perspective in me and I will in prospective incorporate perspectives from different cultures while making decisions. I will identify individuals from each

UK FILM INDUSTRY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

UK FILM INDUSTRY - Essay ExampleThe advent of the Internet and related technologies has as well as brought about a paradigm change in the way enterprises are performing their business operations. The speed, expert superiority and economical operating costs are features that attract more and more businesses to put their bills in internet technologies to conduct their business in a far better and cost effectual manner. Films are increasingly being distributed finished the internet thanks to the increasing speed of the internet and the capacities of the PC that is growing by leaps and bounds. Today, producers are distributing their wares through the internet, which gives them an advantage over costs and logistics. For example, producers can definitely catch an advantage of cost when they distribute films through the internet. This excessively means that they gain a lot through cost savings in the logistics department.Distribution of films through the internet started in 1994 when films were streamed through the internet. However, producers of films had to contend with issues such(prenominal) as privacy and lack of security that often meant that their films could easily be stolen through the internet. However, newer technologies go forth servicing them to distribute their films through the internet without the fear of its being stolen.With regard to consumers, distribution of films through the internet has change the process of film viewing. Now, consumers can sit at home and stop their favourite movies on demand. This also means that the films that they want to watch are available to them at their convenience. They do not have to figure on physical distribution networks or make time to watch the movie. It is available to them at their beck and call. However, consumers will miss the experience of watching a movie in the theatre when they resort to the internet to watch the movie. None the less, newer technologies that will beam films direct to the theat res are expected to mix the pleasures of film watching

An act of courage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

An act of courage - Essay Exampleo researchers on behaviors working closely with the police administration, the results obtained have more to sound out regarding the manner in which some families conduct themselves.According to Natasha, in the article Where are the Men?, results record that most of the children involved in crimes and drug trafficking are the ones brought up by single vexs. Additionally, another convocation of the children affected by this syndrome come from families where the father is inactive in playing the role of shaping his children in learning good morals and in become self reliant. Fatherless homes suffer from invasion from any(prenominal) outsider since the father figure is absent in such families. There is no complete pick out that children should draw from both parents. The drive is therefore left with a big burden that she cannot bear on her own. Later in life, I learnt that my first cousin, Johnson, engaged in drug and substance abuse repayable t o lack a sound father in his life figure to emulate.Johnson had been reared by an industrious mother who would try her best in providing for her family. The cousin, by the name Johnson, cleared his junior school and instead of minutes with studies, he opted to start his own business in the city. His initial business was a small grass over selling clothing. The business succeeded and within four months he had registered a significant profit. Everyone in the family got amazed at the outstanding work of Johnson. After another three months, the performance of Johnsons business started dropping, something that shocked everyone who had anticipate on him. The question on everyones mind was, what could be wrong? The poor performance was as a result of lack of sound business skills. Johnson did not know the concept of saving or even reinvesting.He used to spend almost every sale he makes. Johnsons mother approached Johnsons father requesting him to have a talk with the son, hoping that he would sustain the business. Shockingly, instead of addressing

Curriculum design and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Curriculum design and development - Essay useDuring this time students leave be introduced to writings searching, analytical and presentational (PowerPoint) skills Phase 2 Experimental. Students provide be allocated supervisory programs and must complete a monthly progress report and attend any meets as deemed unavoidable by the supervisor. At the end of this period the student must submit a draft report, which will receive feedback from the supervisor Phase 3 Final analysis and writing-up. The student will prepare a written report in the style of a scientific publication, including references (and will present their work to the module and student cohort in the form of a PowerPoint presentation Teaching and Learning Strategy The working class faculty provides an opportunity for the student to use the information-gathering, theoretical, practical and analytical skills that read been developing during the course. In addition, confabulation skills are developed during the pr eparation and presentation of the final render report in both a written form and as a PowerPoint presentation. Students will be encouraged to develop their own project ideas and liaise both with their clinical mentor and the project module tutor to ensure that these result in a sensible hypothesis and experimental design that may test the hypothesis. As such a wide variety of pieces of work may qualify for this module, including audits, questionnaire based studies, work with focus groups, reviews of scientific literature to gather data/information for analysis, analysis of any relevant databases or records of treatment histories. All projects will need to be approved in line with the Facultys policies on Health and Safety, ensuring estimable Considerations and adherence with Peer Review of Scientific Proposals. INDICATIVE Assessment Number of Assignments Assessment Type/ sequence/ Wordcount (indicative only) Learning Outcomes being assessed 1 log book/ monthly progress reports and performance judged by the supervisor and clinical mentor 3, 4, 5 1 Project write-up 2-3000 words 1. 2. 3. 6. 7 1 Presentation 15 min 1. 2. 3. 6. 7 Module Pass Requirements For successful completion of the module a mark of at least 40% must be achieved in each assessed compvirtuosont. Bibliography and Learning Support Material This will be entirely dependent on the project title selected. New Module MODULE soma Module Title Orthodontic Therapy Project Module Code OT103 Module Delivery Year Module TUTOR Hemant Patel date Approved 13th August 2008 VERSION NUMBER 1 DEPARTMENT make for Postgraduate Dental Education PARTNER INSTITUTION no(prenominal) Overview Of The Course This Orthodontic Therapy Project is a module that lasts for a year aimed at training Dental Care professionals to become Orthodontic Therapists. This is one of the centers that have been approved to offer such a training program. Relationship with other Modules Co-requisites None Pre-requisites None Excluded Combina tions None Project Aims The aims of the project are to enable student to utilise and enhance the relevant skills that they have developed

Leadership Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership Scenario - strive ExampleVarious lead theories result attend to in increasing the productivity and maximizing the benefits of cosmos and gaining competitive advantage over its competitors. The hold will try to solve various managerial issues relate to the case playing field with the guidance of varied lead theories and models. The case study deals with the complexities faced by both employees in incisional store working under two separate heads. The author of the study will also lay emphasis on the distinct working procedures of the managers and its impact on the performance of the employees. The study will give an insight into components of leaders theories like transformational, path goal, equity and need goal theory. Finally, the study will conclude recommendations of leadership theories which will help in improvement of performance of the employees and also step-up their morale. (b) Case 1 Transformational leadership It is observed that the two department al store workers Alex and Stephanie work under different managers. It is also observed that the leadership and managerial traits exhibited by these two managers are absolutely distinctive from each other and their impact on the work performance of the employees is absolutely different from each other. ... This allows her to test her creativity skills and also improve her interaction skills communicating largely with the customers and colleagues. However, Alex has been working continuously in single department for weeks which has increased his dissatisfaction and lowered his morale considerably. It is transparent from the case study that Dan exhibits an autocratic leadership style which has not only promoted a non congenial work atmosphere but also has lowered the moral of Alex. Transformational leadership style will help the employees to become more active due to their inner motivation, which is triggered by the managers (Hautala, 2006). Transformational leadership theory is direc tly related to higher productivity, lower employee turnover rates and increasing the morale of the employees. Transformational leadership includes components of charismatic, inspirational leadership, individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation (Ozaralli, 2003). This theory would serve purposeful in enhancing the disposition of the managers by enhancing their personality and improving their attitude. Transformational leadership would help in improving the managerial situation and help Dan to portray a positive attitude (Godwin, Neck & Houghton, 2000). It would help Dan to improve his mentality and also he may think of providing rewards, incentives to the employees working under him including Alex. (c) Case 2 Goal Setting Theory Alex has been working in the stocking department since a long time, which has not only created monotonous, dissatisfaction within him but has also instilled shun attitude in him. Unlike, Stephanie, Alex is dissatisfied with his work procedure a nd is reluctant to resolve his potential issues with his immediate manager. It is evident

Soccer or Hunger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Soccer or Hunger - Essay grammatical caseIn fact, the level of attention that is paid to the sports in Europe and U.S speaks about the high levels of life the dwellers of this regions have. Thus, it is no wonder that there is little football fans in Africa - its hard to devote all of the attention to the upcoming football match when you dont know what your children will have for breakfast tomorrow.Soccer has become a economic industry due to the amount of attention that is devoted to it in the developed countries. It turned out that being a soccer player is a decent occupation at least the salaries of the soccer players in some parts of the world, are higher than those of the doctors or lawyers. The numbers found in the Soccer and realism Football FAQ were that in top Euro leagues the soccer players make from $50,000 to $7,000,000-8,000,000. The statistics strokes us down by the fact that the fiscal state of the European soccer players is not as good as it mayve seemed, as the a verage earnings is no more than $1,500,000. The top net profit in Mexico is $2,200,000, but the average one is no more than $400,000. High profile players like David Beckham earn roughly 10 million a year from their salary alone. Roy Keane (Manchester United) got paid 100,000 a week, while Ronaldinio gets paid 7.6 million per year.

Read the document I send you carefully Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Read the document I send you cargonfully - raise ExampleWith e precise securities industry structure, however, comes advantages and disadvantages of adopting that particular choice. There are mainly four types of market structures with stark(a) competitionon one extreme and monopolyon the other (Baumol, 1961, p.142. Furthermore, monopolistic competitionand oligopoly are those spectacular structures that are counted asthe moderate ones. In this paper, we willing be focusing primarily on the Perfect markets. It will incorporate an analysis ontheir relation to consumer beseech and the comparison to any other market structure in the economy. PERFECT COMPETITION AND MARKET DEMAND Perfect Market Perfect competition is a very large number of firms producing a standardized product. (McConnel&Brue, 2004) This means that a meliorate market is that structure which entails legion(predicate) extents of buyers and sellers for selling the same kinds of product. Besides this, there are sever al other noticeable characteristics of a perfect market that are being listed below In competition oriented perfect market, there are groups of buyers and sellers who are involved. ... Lastly, there is perfect information about prices and technology among both the sellers and buyers. (Besanko&Brauetigam, 2010, p.330) The Perfect Market and the enquire Curve The demand curve of a perfect market is perfectly elastic which means that it is a horizontal line. The price elasticity of demand (PED) for a good is a measure of the degree of responsiveness of the quantity demanded to a change in the price, ceteris paribus. (Quek, 2011, p.2). It happens so because of the fact that the presence of small firms in the market makes it difficult for them to influence the pricing fluctuations of the goods and services that they offer. This leads to an inflexible proposition of prices of products to the consumers and thus, a perfectly elastic demand curve is achieved in this context. The figure belo w illustrates the demand curve Figure 1 Chart present perfectly elastic demand in a perfect market (Source Google Images) Quek propagates thatdemand curve in a perfectly competitive firm is also its marginal tax income curve (2011, p.2). Marginal revenuecan be understood as the revenue received by selling one particular(a) unit of production. The demand curve and marginal revenue curve are equivalent in a perfect market competition since the price of goods and services are preciselythe same. The demand curve is identical to the medium revenue as well in a perfect market because each product is sell at the same price i.e. the average of the total production. An increase in the price of products in a perfect market leads to the quantity demanded of that product to rise to infinity while a decrease in price leads to the quantity demanded of the product to fall to zero. This is also

How to plan and provide environments and services support children Essay Example for Free

How to plan and provide environments and function support children EssayDescribe the factors to unsay into account when planning wellnessy and steady-going indoor and outdoor environments and services totally told staff has a duty of c ar for children and each other inwardly the setting. It is important that everybody is aw ar of government principle regarding the schools health and Safety policy in regards to potential risks and hazards and what should happen if an incident occurs. As health and safety is chiefly common sense it becomes second nature when rail(a) with children to abide by the Health and Safety policy. When running(a) within a school staff should ceaselessly make sure that argonas are fit to conclude prior to any learning or play activities this could mean doing a risk assessment to check areas are safe and free from any potential risks. If a risk is spotted it should be account immediately or logged for attention. The factors to take into acc ount areEvery child is an individual and progresses at several(predicate) rates and each child has different unavoidably which depend on their age and ability. When we plan activities we should deliberate about ways in which way we can keep completely children active and the layout of the room and the unavoidably of the child if you engender a baby in the room you would not all(a)ow toddlers to be running round. Also if children wanted to ride bikes this should be done outside with more space and under supervision. about children whitethorn have more specific needs than other children if they are have a stunning impairment provisions should be put in place so the child leave make love mainstream school as much as the next child. An adult could also have specific needs where a risk assessment may need to be done at some succession like if the person is pregnant or impaired in some way. Individual support may be offered to families/carers that have different needs to others . When executeing with children we should always be aware of our environment as we would not allow a child to run around the classroom with scissors, if this did happen we would condone or ask the child why this is a dangerous thing to do. In any school green there should be separate sides of the yard were say football is played rather than all the children contend in line of the ball as this may cause defect. develop how health and safety is monitored and kept up(p) and how people inthe work setting are made aware of risks and hazards and encouraged to work safely Within school settings health and safety is monitored and kept up(p) by the schools policies and procedures these are implemented by a governing body then must be carried out to the letter. Anybody running a place where members of prevalent visit must have a duty of care and not let people be exposed to hazards that may cause illness or harm them. Visitors must follow the set guidelines to discover the safety an d well being of all children within the setting. Children who are being collected must be collected by a person known by the teacher unless prior in social classation given, if a child requires medicine then this will be left in the office with a bear form received from the parents. Within school if a accident / incident happens then it is recorded and parents are informed of the childs injury i.e. bumped head letter. Within schools there will always be a first serveer available to deal with an injury. Confidentiality policy is always kept within school the single time confidentiality should be broken is when neglect or a form of abuse is suspected and the applicable authorities need to know. Risk assessments are carried out daily by teachers and all staff to warrant no potential risks or hazards. If anything is found it must be recorded and reported immediately applicable staff must be notified.Identify sources of current guidance for planning healthy and safe environments an d services All settings should have copies of the latest legislation as recorded in 1.4 they will also have their own policies and procedures. There is also a lot of information to be found on the earnings Health and safety executiveChild accident prevention trustDepartment for educationExplain how current health and safety legislation, policies and procedures are implemented in own work setting When working with schools we have a healthy responsibility to ensure the safety of all children and fellow colleagues as they are entrusted in our care listed below are the main policies Policies and procedures regarding Health and Safety at Work are given to all staff including volunteers on the first day of employmentwithin the setting this is base on the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. The main responsibilities of this act are that all buildings should be maintained to a high standard, designed with safety in mind. The environment should always be clean and tidy all equipment shoul d be stored away safely. As is good physical exercise working practice should promote the health and safety of children. These acts also provides protection for employees by the workplace being a safe place and not pose a risk to employees health as stated in COSHH all hazardous substances and cleaning equipment stored away safely. Training should be provided for all employees on health and safety. PPE clothes should be provided free of charge. Certain injuries, diseases and incidents should be reported immediately to the Health and Safety Executive.First aid facilities and a first aider should be accessible at all propagation, within each setting there will be a safety representative who can be consulted regarding issues which may affect health and safety. Finally the legal duties of all employees must be responsible to take care of their own health and safety and that of others affected by their actions. All employees must cooperate with the health and safety at work act. This will be kept in the office and available to all. Fire precaution act 1971 and regulations The rouse authority will issue a fire certificate when happy that all correct procedures are in place .They also check the fire equipment and correct fire escapes and routes of departure COSHH (control of substances hazardous to health) this is monitored and maintained within schools by ensuring all chemicals and cleaning equipment is locked away in a cupboard away from all children. All chemicals must be clearly marked. RIDDOR 1995 (Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrence Regulations )this is a legal duty to explain work related deaths, any major incidents or injuries, work related diseases and dangerous occurrence. When carrying children or equipment always promote good practice. The Childcare Act 2006 this sets out the statutory framework for health and safety within all settings including that of the EYFS their standards are monitored by Ofsted.Product safety marking these must be (PAT tested) regularly and they will hold the kite mark to say they have been tested. Toys must carry a CE presentation that the product meets European standards. Motor vehicles regulations 2006 seat belts must be worn at all times and booster seats provided for children under a certain height (135cm). Smoking ban 2007 EYFSthis includes a legal requirement to ensure all children are in a smoke free zone. The manual discourse operations regulation act 1992Employers must ensure that correct guidelines are followed when lifting pupils or equipment. Hygiene legislation 2006This covers the safe preparation and storage of nutriment .All kitchen staff must hold a current food hygiene certificate .There must be posters displayed within the kitchen reminding staff of good practice i.e. different one-sided chopping boards and how food is stored correctly. The early years foundation stage (EYFS)Statutory framework for eyfs 2008 ensuring all aspects of welfare for children is cover ,this includes safeguarding ,suitable people ,suitable premises and equipment .There must be correct documentation within the organisation. Other procedures which are in place to safeguard children are Safety fence and locked gates disallowing children to leave when in outdoors areas. All doors which provide entry and access are locked and door handles unobtainable to children. All visitors must sign in and wear a badge if there for a while must be notified about health and safety. Children must be picked up by the named person unless by prior arrangement. Confidentiality maintained at all times unless abuse is suspected. Admissions where no child can be looked on more favourably than another. cam stroke/incident must be recorded if a child has a bump or injury then this must be sent home to parents explaining what happened if a major incident must be forwarded to relevant people. Taking of medicines they must be stored correctly parents must sign a consent form to say what the me dicine is and how much and when their child is allowed it. Within the setting there will be a notice in the staff room of which child is asthmatic or allergic to food or other things so each staff member can see.

Book Review on Urban Poverty Essay Example for Free

bear Review on Urban Poverty EssayUrban mendicancy is the outcome of urban-bias development projects macrocosm predominantly financed by the external capital, either in the form of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) or Aid. The urban-bias industrialization strategy performed as a pull factor for the rural unemployed. This strategy contributed to the expanding of urban slack sectors where unskilled as wholesome as highly unorganized day labours remain concentrated in the urban and semi-urban areas.It is also debated that the redistribution of capital investment towards the rural based agricultural activities including excogitationtation sectors through the merged efforts of both public and private sectors much(prenominal) as civil and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can go a big way to break the growing negative effects of over urbanization on scantness, moral and well-disposed crimes as consequent of silly stinting growth. The author, Pramanik discusses urban meagerness in Malaysia cases.He begins with the overview of the mendicancy scenario followed by research methods and research findings a considerable with summarization policy suggestions. This book contented five chapters including appendices, references and index. In the canonical chapter (pp. 1-5), Pramanik says poverty is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that is hard to come up with a univers wholly toldy acceptable definition of poverty. intimately commonly argued issue on poverty is whether poverty should be looked at from absolute or comparative perspective.Absolute poverty based on specific income level called poverty line income (PLI) that can be calculated either using the market value of a basket full of niftys and services considered subjective for reasonably acceptable standard of living. On the contrary, relative poverty arises when we talk about how good or bad one member is doing in relation to a nonher member living in the like society. According to OBoyle, p overty is a concept that is both absolute and relative because human beings are at the corresponding time individual and social (OBoyle E.J, 1990).In chapter two (pp. 7-20), Pramanik dialog about poverty scenario in Malaysia. He argues that the income poverty using official poverty line income come outs near to the absolute poverty whereas the human poverty based on the degree of human deprivation resembles relative poverty, which is ensuing of unequal access to income earning opportunity. Because of this, the author focuses much on human aspect of poverty in price of its long term implications of social factors.Micro level study (Pramanik, 2004) do suggest that family size either in urban or rural areas of the four concentrated states namely, Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah and Perak is quite above the family size used for the theme level. Pramanik (1997 2000) examined that rural poverty in the four poverty-concentrated states on multi dimensional aspects of the problem such as, social, economic, demographic, psychological, political, moral, historical, attitudinal, and natural factors. In chapter third (pp. 5-20), the author discusses regarding research methodology. The study is based on the primary data as well as secondary information.The primary data collected through the administration of well-structured questionnaire in the plaza of 2006. The try out technique used is purposive as well as random and based on donationicipatory observation method. Around 3112 households from 8 major cities living in poverty concentrated areas classified by squatters, low-cost buildings, longhouses etc. were selected for data collection.He defined household as an entity of those living under the same roof as well as eating from the same kitchen. In chapter four (pp. 21-97), he talks about the research findings. The author uses purposive and collecting sampling technique to identify the level of poverty suffered by those living in the squatters and in the area/blocks /buildings designed for the swallow income groups in the major cities of Malaysia. This is because those who are living in these areas suffer different degrees and types of poverty measured by the level of deprivations.The household having little than RM 398(less than half of the poverty line) is called hardcore silly, household earning equal to RM 398 but less than 663 is called overall poor and more than than RM 663 is called non-poor. The best performing state in terms of lowest incidence of overall poverty (0. 9) with no hardcore poor followed by KL (2. 6) and JB (8. 1) inclusive of hardcore and overall poor. While less developed states- KB, KT, and AS, KB experiences the highest incidence of poverty hardcore poor and overall poor of 33. 7 followed by KT (23. 4) and AS (14).On the other hand, Sabah and Sarawak are worst performing states reported in 9MP and his survey data. The author suggests that as cold as poverty reduction is implicated Sabah and Sarawak are still the worst among all other regions states in Malaysia in 2007. The poverty is gender bias is a universal when hardcore poverty is concerned. In terms of hardcore and overall poverty, the female headed households are more likely to be poorer by 50 share compared the male-headed households. The high(prenominal) dependency of more members on a few incomes of earners in the households also creates a reserve on resources allocation by the poor households.Approximately 60 percent of poor households more than two members depend on the income of one earner. The lower dependency has implication for the ability of the poor households to hold out poverty at times of economic recession or messturn since higher dependency manifest through the lower dependency ratio is positively tie in to higher unemployment. Pramanik show on the distribution of households based on the dependency ratio and cities seem to suggest that the relatively higher percentages of households (68. 8) from LDS are associate d with higher dependency as emerged through the lower coefficients of DR (0. ) as opposed to a lower percentage of households from MDS (53. 3) experiencing lower dependency ratio. Human capital is considered as the most fundamental asset. The presence of economic opportunities created by the growth, an individual with one additional year of gentility acquires more ability to compete and gain ground benefits from the market. As for as the illiteracy, the author suggests that the percentage of households having no education in much higher for the triad Least Developed States( LDS) as compare to the More Developed States (MDS).If the education level exceeding 6 years but less than 12 year are considered as a measure of give way educational standard, the highest percentage of household members (72. 7) come from 3 MDS followed by the lowest (57) from the two LDS. The better calibre of spiritedness achievable through higher level of education has convinced the younger generation irre spective of race or geographical distribution of population to pursue education by all assertable government agency. So that government spends money for education, skills and training. Dr. Muhammad Yunus claims that access to credit entry should be treated as a part of human rights.The access to credit empowers the poor households to make use of their survival skills thus unleashing their productive potentials. every(prenominal) human being is imparted with some sorts of surviving skills by the Almighty the creator. Dr. Yunus has proven that an access to small credit can significantly help the asset less poor to unleash their hidden potentials to earn more and combat poverty. The poor have nobody to talk to and no place to go. Sometimes, they have no calculate to do and no food to eat and finally none to depend on. They are always by-passed and looked down upon (Narayan, 2000).The poor are not even trusted because of lack of social status. Of the three races the Chinese seem to be more satisfied with their neighbors (69 percent as very helpful) followed by the Indians (46 percent) and Malays take a middle position (64 percent). The criteria of social capital there appear to be a positive relationship between the lower Mean Monthly Household Income (MMHY) of the Indians and the lower level of trustworthiness as a legate for very helpful neighbors. The relationship between trustworthiness and success in trade seems quite translucent among the Chinese compared to the Malays and the Indians.There are lots of arguments regarding poverty. We are so rich, because they are so poor (Landes, 1998). It means the existence of poor is essential for survival for rich. Yunus believes that the poverty is created by the system (Yunus with Jolis, 1998). The poor in any society are best known for their simplicity, altruism, moderation, complacency, peaceful coexistence, moral, conservative as well as traditionalistic values. The presence of high morality and the future uncertainty, the poverty stricken parents never consider additional babies as a liability.For the poor, children are always considered as assets and blessing of God because they are the ones the poor parents can actually depend on in their old age. Old age pension or insurance for all are hardly found in the developing world, traditional babies are always treated as insurance for the old age. The author found that in general, the respondents from low income urban households give higher anteriority to good values like the spirit of tolerance reflected through ability to respect other races or religion, ability to maintain ones own culture, ability to live like a good human being, having good moral standard.The findings clearly suggest that they show least preference for blindly imitating the life style of the better-off. So, the poor who are known for their simple and moderate life are not the dupe of the demonstration effects. Concentration of power, lack of transparency and good governance among many others, interact to perpetual rottenness in less developed countries (Pramanik, 2003 2007). In last chapter in his book (pp. 97-106), the author summarizes his findings and gives policy suggestions.Firstly, poverty is gender based. As far as poor, inclusive of hardcore and overall poor are concerned the female headed households far outweigh the male headed households. Secondly, there is an inverse relationship between family size and incidence of poverty. Thirdly, higher dependency measured by lower dependency ratio seems to be positively related to the incidence of poverty across the regions. Fourth, the access to human capital in terms of level of education emerges as one of the most important determinants of poverty.Fifth, the access to financial capital in the form of loanword made seems to be a good determinant of household income regardless of regional or racial consideration. Finally, based on the perception of the urban poor about development, Pramani k findings suggest that, the human capital such as easy access to education, social overhead capital encompassing good roads, good and own house, water and electricity deserve the highest priority. The author gives some policy suggestions relevant to the policy-makers, planners and administrators.First, in line with three major strategies such as, enhancing the nations competitiveness, strengthening human capital development and ensuring the well-being of all Malaysians within the contexts of elaborate policy strategies under ninth Malaysian plan, that will be to help the primary and secondary level students from broken families, unemployed parents, low income households living in crammed and unhealthy housing conditions. Second, the plan to establish different growth corridors covering the less and the least developed states.Four, having the good record of NGOs in eradicating poverty and enhancing social-economic well-being of the target groups, the existing public level institutio ns may gradually encourage the NGOs/eudaemonia organization/civil societies supported either publicly or privately to shoulder responsibility in overcoming poverty. Finally, efforts can be made to raise the status of Aim as a full-pledge bank for the poor as like Grameen bank of Bangladesh to deal with poverty eradication.In conclusion it can be utter that the author, Pramanik expounded very well regarding the poverty of Malaysia. The urban poverty is indistinguishably linked to rural poverty. In fact, the former is caused by the latter. The Pull and Push factors can significantly explain the prevailing dismal conditions associated with urban poverty. Based on the details findings on the multi-dimensional aspects of urban poverty, it can be suggested that the development should be taken to the people and not the people to the development which is mostly confined to the urban areas.

The Speckled band Essay Example for Free

The Speckled band EssayNow, of course that suggests at once on that point must be a communi rambleion betwixt the dickens rooms. It can merely be a small one, or it would acquire been remarked upon at the coroners inquiry. I deduced a ventilator Holmes explained to Watson. In Dr Roylotts bedroom the position of the wooden electric chair showed it had been employ to stand on to reach the ventilator, An inspection of his chair showed me that he had been in the habit of standing on it, which, of course, would be necessary in order that he should reach the ventilator Holmes told Watson. The other clues found in the stepfathers room by Holmes were a metal fail-safe with a saucer of milk on the top of it, on run intoing this Holmes asks there isnt a cat in it for example? at which Helen replies No what a strange idea . In Dr Roylotts room there was also a small dog lash hung on one corner of the bed. The lash, however, was curled upon its self, and tie so as to make a loop o f whipcord. The red-herrings in the story relates to the speckled band which Julia had tell before her death, O, my God Helen It was the band The speckled band . Helen had thought that her sister was referring to the gipsies spotted handkerchiefsWhich so legion(predicate) of them wear over their heads might have suggested the strange adjective which she used. The gipsies were camping on the ground of the stoke Moran estate with Dr Roylotts permission. The estate also had a cheetah and a baboon roaming the estate grounds which had frightened Helens sister greatly prior to her death. Dr Roylott has a passion also for Indian animals, which are sent over to him by a correspondent and these animals wander freely over his grounds, and are feared by the villagers almost as oft prison terms as their ascertain Helen informed Holmes.Within both stories we see Holmes as a respected master of deduction in the Victorian period. The language is formal with Holmes using long sentences to exp lain the rules he has used to investigate and solve the crime and disappearance. This is shown when Holmes informs Watson in The Speckled band that he had come to an entirely unreasonable conclusion , which shows , my dear Watson , how dangerous it always is to reason from insufficient data .In The Man with the misshapen lip Holmes remarks to Watson There is plenty of thread , no doubt , but I cant set out the end of it in my hand. This is the language used during the Victorian time. It is also apparent that both Helen Stoner and Mrs St Clair have sought help from Holmes as they have heard that he has a reputation for solving crimes. secret agent Holmess character in The Man with the twisted lip is a well known and respected human by the police force this was seen when he entered the police station in Bow Street the two constables at door saluted him.The police are willing to work with him as seen by Inspector Bradstreet wake him into his office and asking him what can I do for you Mr Holmes? he then offer ups him with information about Hugh Boone and allowing him into to prison cell were he was imprisoned. His authority and the way he is able to reassure people is seen when he confronts Neville St Clair in the cell Sherlock Holmes sat down beside him on the couch, and patted him kindly on the shoulder.He uses his authority to persuade Neville to provide information to Inspector Bradstreet so that the case would never go into court at all this is to deflect the shame, the publicity of a court hearing which would bring to his family. The way that Holmes worked in solving the disappearance is by quietly sitting and thinking all through the night with an old brier pipe between his lips, his eyes fixed vacantly upon the corner of the ceiling, the blue smoke curling up from him, silent, motionless, with the light shinning upon his strong-set hooked features this shows that Holmes is committed to his job.In The Speckled rope Holmes works quickly and m ethodically to solve the crime by inspecting the house where the death occurred, whatever danger threatened an occupant of the room could not come every from the window or the door this shows that he uses his detective skills to maculation together the clues like a jigsaw.He also works in a calm and composed manner, this is shown in the way Holmes deals the Swamp common viper the deadliest snake in India, Without hesitation he drew the dog whip swiftly from the dead mans lap, and throwing the slip noose round the reptiles neck, he drew from its horrid perch, and, carrying it at arms length, threw it into the iron safe, which he closed upon it, this is show that he is brave and deals with danger without hesitating.As well as this Holmes shows his commitment to his profession, this is shown in the way he informs Helen Stoner As to reward, my profession is its reward this means that Holmes motivated by solving crimes and not by money. The endings of these two short stories are diffe rent in The Man with the twisted lip there is a happy ending were the main character is reunited with his wife and family having gone missing for several days.The Speckled Band ends with the death of Dr Roylott who is killed by the swamp adder. In The Man with the twisted Lip the ending concludes a undefeated piece of investigative work by Holmes and Watson as they restored the normal everyday life of Mr and Mrs Neville St Clair. Apart from Mr St Clair firing missing for a few days there is no scandal, as the newspapers do not find out the facts behind his disappearance and is wife is not told the true story behind his disappearance.So live up to in Holmes with the outcome of this investigation that he says to Watson If we drive to Baker Street we shall be in time for breakfast. The ending to The Speckled Band is not happy as it results in the death of Dr Roylott, this does not land on Holmess his conscience as Dr Roylott is described by Helen Stoner as a man of broad strength , and absolutely uncontrollable in his anger. An example of this is given he hurled the local blacksmith over the parapet into a stream.The final sentence of this story ends with Holmes stating that I am no doubt indirectly amenable for Dr Grimesby Roylotts death ,and I cannot say that it is likely to weigh very heavily upon my conscience. To conclude from looking at detective fiction in the 19th century and comparing the two short stories above I have been able to examine the winning formula that detective fiction has been written to. This is the way these stories are written to involve the reader in the detectives role of gathering clues, to solve the crime and find the culprit.This method has stood the test of time in fact detective fiction is probably stronger today than it was in the nineteenth century. This is due to having wider audience as it has been translated into television and its popularity is evident as it scores of highly in the ratings. chafe Johnson 1 Show pr eview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Engineering Project Management Essay Example for Free

Engineering roll Management Essay.) why do most throng get the baffle of development that is from objectives/constrains to scope, back the front? Does it means that they preceptort k none what they argon doing, just now rather they are going to through motions in a mechanical/ unit thinking fashion? Or are the people unaware of the comp unitarynts of systematic caper solving and how fit together?AnswerMost people do prepare to get the order of development that is from objectives/ constrain to scope, /back front because people wants it to have the answer of their involve and wants as nowadays to the point or succinctly enough to the correct answer. People seem to be very frugal and epoch conscious as well. Also right order hinders to focus on objectives why one should make interest to the order. To people whom did order that is from objective know a lot if the course of study or has already that vast experience of the weapons platform.Related studies of the brand and Brand Communications Understanding the relationship between consumers and brand is crucial to differentiation in word products as well as to communicate in effect with them. This course is devoted to its analysis to what the brand mean to the consumers through different career and lecture, including models that give clues on issues as investment needs and communication disciplines better suited to reach effective marketing targets.Hence, layation above physical exertions give the idea that customer has a very nigh(a) background and knowledge of the program order. Thus mostly they should have to see to it that the orders they exit aim to suit their knowledge or facts they chink beforehand to ensure better development they sought to aim.The users awareness are very much inform with their responsibilities thats why they are looking on orders that is sought to direct needs they wanted to have. Likewise, people all told knows much the suitable problems that are suited to the sys tematic answer to the problem. There is no suspect have the ignorance of people to those people ordered such program. Mostly they do have already the knowledge to reach out the needs of the problem for themselves.Q2.) Consider a insure with which you have been filmd and submit the time positions of the program involve. How many programs were necessary and what time horizon was used in each program?AnswerUpper level program simplified example a digest involving a conference. (Work megabucks names have been abbreviated because of spaces limitations exercise items are simplified.) For this program example, needs to consider the time horizon involve. Considering the presentation the representation of the program having overall program, which is the major work, showed also major parcels, milestone and key resources. then the coterminous presentation is for a medium range program showing flesh out over the contiguous shorter program that follows then the daily program.By look ing at the presentation on that point was four programs involve and bear be taken into consideration each of which has different time horizon depending on the job or degree of emphasis the program to consider. There is that time constrain from the highest level down to next level. The time allotment differs like from highest rank that needs a biggest time allotted, followed by the next higher(prenominal) time consumption then next followed by the lowest time allotment. In the lower level, the time is given daily task compared to other program as well.Now it moldiness to see to it that at different levels of program it has also different time horizon so that we have to make close at the start since there was that saying, the first impression last. Meaning, that the starting work program should be through perfectly so that it may issue along with the preliminary pick up program, a tendency leave occur that entire project will develop into a detailed execution and a well-planned program.Q3.) wherefore do you believed there have been no negligence action brought against project managers? Do all project managers act in a reasonable industry accepted fashion? Do all project coda on schedule under cost and to better than expected quality?AnswerProject managers belong to the senior management program in a higher level. Owner per see took all the risk provided by the company. So no one dares to questions negligence action brought against the manager since he or she was the brain of the system. All the decision and moves of the manager should all followed by the subordinates. Well for humanitarian reason there were a elusion also that subordinates can react bad action or decision make by the manager.So probably the subordinate go against the manager and questions his somebodyal actions maybe. So tendency the subordinates will questions the credibility of the manager. Well, we can take into accounts that manger is a human being so he has or she has that weakne sses too. moreover a fact that the managers are the one manages the company the subordinates in humanitarian reason can right away react to what her or his fashion to go against the manager.Not all project finish on scheduled time of deadline were all under cost and to better than that of expected quality. If in case such situation to occur then that is one of its kind to cherish and to prioritized if ever the next project will come, it will be the best model or should to follow in the future activity.But usually if the project finishes under cost, it is expected that the results sometime below or maybe just envision the quality that is expected to come. No wonder that cost and expenses will goes hand in hand in quality products. Now a days seldom or none at all you could find oneself under cost that has good quality. The reason is the fact that economy underwent in all aspect of society.Q4.) wherefore are people found it hard to define the scope and detail of the work involved in project management?AnswerPeople find it hard to define the scope and details of the work involve in project management since in every company has its own principle of management. In each company there is varied principle that is injected in the management of the company. The reasons of these are depending on the needs and interest of the company scope of preparation. So for us people who are just followers or subordinates just depend on the outcomes solely not the makers of such.Not all people knows or inner enough to the process and whats was going on the company itself. There is that so called hidden documents that are not supposed to be displayed on public for security function and reason. The same a person even how one so introvert to showed what was her or his personality will be to the public but still she or he has that attitude that only him or her knows better.Such characteristics are also present in every company to be a successful one. It should be the case to be th rough with(p) to hide some documents coz might be other program or company will succeed the success of one company so the identity might be duplicated and that identity of the company can be protected as well.Q5.) Tender documents usually comprise the following,. All notice(s) to tender. All aim of tendering (including form of tender). The general conditions of contract (to be). The special contract (to be). The specification. The drawings. The schedule of rate (prices)/bill of quantities of rates (if any)* List other special arrangement of which you are aware that sometimes hold during the tender completion?AnswerThe period of adjustment is very crucial period. This is called the tender period in which starting proceeding will be done tenderly. But if with stress and plenty of commands will make it very confuse on the part of the doer. So at tender period all notices should be imparted one at a time. No overlapping and should be short and concise so confusion will be avoided. Conclusions and generalization are made to be clear and worth discussing, so the doer can well grasp and understand the matter.Other special arrangement to considered at tender period is to put into details the rules and policies that imposed in the process so it will goes smoothly along with the rest of accompanying rules and edict posted. Primarily these rules and regulations must be clear and understood well by every member in the company.Q6.) Is it possible to have one portion of the tender documents purely related to administrative matters, and one section purely related to contractual matters/or they necessarily linked. Explain your view.AnswerIn my own view, there must be a separate confidential section of tender documents that is for purely related to administrative matter and separate to contractual matter. Not necessarily that the two tender contacts link together but both must only parallel to each other. The reason why they should be separated because per records must have their own identity for the purpose but has its only one aims for the success of the project.Matters that is confidential, not proper to discuss openly to the public for discussion or what so ever. That confidential matter is only good for inner transaction that only the one concerned knows the secrecy of the documents but it should all documents parallel for the purpose of improvements and success of the program as well.In other words, it is by virtue of the fact that mangers are organizationally compelled to make a difference to the resources they combined via performing the function of planning, organizing, leading, controlling, etc., that certainly characteristics of the managing task. Lets take into consideration an example of principles. Neo-Marxist perspective on management has emphasized the centrality of management contract in securing transformation of labor post to actual labor in context of capitalist relation of production ( Ackroyd, Stephen. Page 38.).Reference Realist situation on Management and Organization Contribution. Stephen Ackroyd- editor, Steve Fleetwood, Publisher Routledge. Place of Publication London. Publication Year 2000. Page no. 38.

Coffee in the Philippines Essay Example for Free

Coffee in the Philippines EssayThis Euromonitor trade tarradiddle provides commercializeplace trend and market growth analysis of the Coffee patience in Philippines. With this market report, youll be able to explore in detail the changing shape and potential of the industry. You will now be able to plan and build strategy on real industry data and projections. The Coffee in Philippines market research report includes Analysis of key supply-side and demand trends Detailed segmentation of international and local products Historic volumes and values, company and fall guy market shares Five year forecasts of market trends and market growth. Robust and transparent market research methodology, conducted in-country Our market research reports answer questions such as What is the market size of Coffee in Philippines? What are the study brands in Philippines? How significant is vending in java distribution? How does the increasing nuber of speciality deep brown shops regard ret ail sales of java? What are the future prospects for instant 2-in-1 coffee, 3-in-1 coffee and 4-in-1 coffee? How are coffee pods performing in Philippines? Why buy this report?Gain competitive intelligence about market leaders Track key industry trends, opportunities and threats Inform your marketing, brand, strategy and market development, sales and supply functions This industry report originates from Passport, our Hot Drinks market research database. Each report is delivered with the following components Report PDF and Word merchandise statistics Excel workbook SAMPLE ANALYSIS TRENDS Instant coffee mixes continued to gain popularity in both off-trade and on-trade convey in 2010.Rising demand for these products was due to the ease in preparation with minimal time involved, which is super valued by Filipinos with busy lifestyles and busy consumer foodservice operators as brewing fresh coffee makes it difficult to extend to demand. Nevertheless, the type of instant coffee used in on-trade establishments is usually different from off-trade brands as food establishments with mellowed volume consumption commonly work with coffee manufacturers to produce customised mixes made from freshly-ground coffee beans and with added flavours, but issue forth in instant powder format.COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE In 2010, Nestle Philippines continued to dominate coffee with an 81% share of off-trade volume sales and an 89% share of off-trade value sales. This was mainly due to the buckram brand recognition of Nescafe, as its name is synonymous with coffee in the Philippines, and the extensive distribution meshwork in both modern and traditional retail channels. The well-diversified product portfolio of Nescafe in instant coffee has overly enabled the company to capture a broader range of consumers from low-income Filipinos to health conscious coffee drinkers.PROSPECTS Longer working hours and busier lifestyles for Filipinos, on with the desire to streamline operations am ongst foodservice establishments, are all expected to increase the demand for instant coffee mixes over the forecast period. Nevertheless, consumption of fresh coffee is expected to improve over the same period. higher(prenominal) demand should be driven by a niche group of affluent consumers who are voluntary to pay more and focus on quality rather than convenience.

Sociology and Ethics Essay Example for Free

Sociology and Ethics EssaySociology is the study of loving life and societal structure by examining the groups and social institutions in which people shape. Sociologists are concerned with the characteristics of groups, organizations, and societies, and how peoples behaviors contribute within these contexts (www. smsu. edu). A sociology major provides a wide range of opportunities that requires only the B. A. or the B. S. degree, because almost any career requires the lovely of skills and knowledge developed in studying sociology.This major ranges from the study of family relationships to the study of large bureaucratic institutions in major industrialized nations. Sociology majors may enter hundreds of career paths. They may specialize in criminology, demography, family relations, gerontology, social welfare, sex and gender, race relations, social change, and social status. Sociology majors can visualise jobs in social avail agencies, public relations, government agencies , educational institutions, hospitals, management, and human resources.Employers search for people with the ability to work well low pressure, and to be able to read and write analytically (www. jmu. edu). Being a sociologist involves ethnographical, epistemological, and ideological that set sociologists with the dominant culture. Sociologists are attempted to analyze accurate and precise entropy through scientific methods that are as objective as possible, without any biases. They rely on careful recording of systematic observations and accumulative of data (Schaefer, 8-9).These principles may passage of arms with general ethical issues of the clients rights and treatment with due regard for their integrity, dignity, and objectivity. This potential ethical conflict provides one of the reasons for the development of a Code of Ethics. In general, sociologists should practice this Code to resolve ethical issues that they event almost daily, and strive for order neutrality with r espect to their research. According to Max Webers view, sociologists must practice value neutrality in their research.Weber pointed out that researchers may brings any beliefs they wish, but they must not embarrass their own values with the social reality being studied (Schaefer, 74). When researchers work on an investigation that they find repugnant, and they bring their deepest morals or religious beliefs to the investigation, the end result will be unsuccessful. Sociologists should strive to sustain objectivity and integrity in the process of conducting sociological research and practice. It is sociologist responsibility to ensure that their own individualised feelings or views do not influence the interpretation of data.

The Truman Show Essay Example for Free

The Truman guide EssayThe Truman Show is a film directed by Peter Weir. It is tot wholey about how the public spend too such(prenominal) of their time watching video recording and how we also like the idea of voyeurism. The film has two main characters Christof and Truman Burbank, the latter(prenominal) being the star of the show, which charters Trumans life, twenty four hours a day, seven days a week, alone grade round. Christof has been filming Truman ever since conception. Truman doesnt know this, and in feature he knows nonhing about his real family. Everything well-nigh him has been scripted and he is on a film set all the time. He is like Christofs pet, he controls eachthing Truman does.He controls whom Truman meets and talks to e. g. when Truman sees his father again in the streets and from out of nowhere some people come after and take him away, preventing Truman from talking to him. Even the weather is controlled in the Truman Show when Truman attempts to leav e the island a storm hands down starts and only affects his boat and not the island, but when he reaches the end of the shows set the storm comes to a explosive end. The set in question is the second only manmade structure completely visible from space.He chose to fragmentize Truman instead of the former(a) babies in the ward, purely on the basis that Truman was born on the day of the shows launch. This was the foremost time in history that a television corporation has been able to adopt a baby. Because of this fact the viewing audience who suck up watched the programme since then in a way regard Truman as a surrogate child, they eagerly deliver the goods his all(prenominal) move. The affection the audience feel for Truman has helped the show to attract billions of viewers worldwide. This is kind of a similar affection as to that of the affection the viewers of the 7 Up television series felt towards the children who starred in the series.This programmes is a good compariso n to put one over to The Truman Show because we derive a group of random seven year olds and both few years we return to the aforementioned(prenominal) group and see how they have changed in the way they think and feel, a fly on the fence in programme if you will. Also The Truman Show is like a soap opera were we are familiar with all the characters but are also the cliff hangers at end of each programme are interlinked in to the next programme and help to keep the continuous flow of the series.Due to the fact that the show does not sleep. Also we finish this hybrid of modern television with an element of reality T.V. For example the Big associate series, a show where a group of television producers headhunt the nation for an elite group of contestants to compete for a cash prize. The contestants normally consist of a funny person, a beautiful person, a homosexual, someone of antithetical race to the rest of the group and someone who they know will act as a atom smasher in the whole situation, some to upset all the other characters. There is also a lodge to The Truman Show because on that point are manifold camera angles to let the viewer see the contestants every move. Its other appeal is that the environment is that of the upright 1950s America,Everyone knows everyone, everyone likes everyone. Everything about this flyspeck fictional town of Seahaven, a small picturesque island an island so faultless that no one has yet found reason to leave. This town is perfect for multiple reasons it could be perfect due to the perfectly manicured lawns, the white clapperboard houses or the picket fences. There is the classic old style grocery store on the corner with its brown paper bag and every worker from the shop assistant to the newspaper retailer quite often gives the American trademark idiomatic expression of Have a nice day Which, quite honestly everyday is perfect in the experience of weather anyway. The parks and public space in this town ar e also super clean, there is always someone cleaning up these public areas, especially when Truman is around, all the cleaners all have earpieces on, the audience know they have earpieces to keep in contact with the shows headquarters so they can make sure Truman is still following routine, but Truman may believe they are deaf or something. but if this was 1950s America there should be no black Americans socialising with the whites due to integration.This is a mug to the audience that there are modern aspects to this classic 1950s seaside town. The Truman Show has some painful technology outlet on, with over 5000 cameras constantly beaming out to the world. These cameras have multiple angles, which allow them to follow Trumans every single move, the camera cheats him. These cameras are able to follow his every move thanks to the multiple places were they are hidden. They are hidden for example in the bath way of life cabinet when we see him groominghimself every morning, in hi s mums necklace she moves it to show us what Trumans up to on several occasions, in the cars dashboard we see Truman every morning driving to work, in the bin at work we see him piecing together his first love Lauren Garlands face back together as a collage of articles from beauty magazines for the wife, also last of all we see the cameras in his boat in the mast and boats main cabin watching Christofs attempted assassination on Truman when he tries to sail away to from the island.The camera also seems to cut frequently to the shows viewers, for example, the man who always seems to be in the bath watching The Truman Show, the old ladies with their Truman show cushions and blankets who have to reassure each other that Truman is going to be OK when sailing away to freedom, the security guards eagerly watching the show in presentiment of the first televised conception. There is even a mother who leaves her baby crying in the back room just so she doesnt miss out on any of the prog rammes. Also, the Truman Show cut to various Truman Show bars around the world, bars that are covered in Truman memorabilia and were Truman Show fans can socialise with other Truman Show fans.These people appear to spend all their time watching the Truman Show, there is a original sense of privileged voyeurism. They can watch other peoples lives on television without having their lives watched and interfered with, they also may be a little nosey and like to know all about other peoples lives. But with all this technology and overheads you may wonder how the Truman Show manages to cover their finances the answer to this question is answered throughout the film. At the start of the film the director informs us that the show generates the Gross.

Improvement of standard living contributes to damage to environment Essay Example for Free

Improvement of standard living dedicates to cost to environs EssayIn the last decade, many countries over the world have to experience the inevitable consequences of damage to environment. The environment has been sacrificed as the peoples standard living has been improved, which is including the rising of clean engineering. Sometimes, the new technology that has been invented quarter cause environments devastation enhancement and alike harms the ecosystem on it. Many forests and park have disappeared so that animal extinction for some species cannot be avoided.Nowadays, many developer company compete severally other to build residences, apartments, hotels, malls, entertainment centers, such as cafes, cinemas as the enhancement of our standard living. People fill a living place more than just a place to sleep and take a rest. The more facilities that one residence area or apartment has, such as swimming pool, golf area, gym, supermarket the more benefit they can offer to attract customer. It means, one developer company needs gargantuanger areas to fabricate a residence or apartment. Besides that, we can see the increasing amount of skyscraper buildings in big cities.Along with many constructions, it means that many green areas has to be cut off to be changed into a commercial area and people do not contemplate the consequences of not having enough trees and green areas. In addition to this, many constructions also are not built with a good drainage system. collect to this matter, flood happens bothwhere. For instance, in Jakarta, Indonesia, flood happens at least once per year during peak rainy time as the result of constructing park and forest to be a commercial building. Industrial companies also contribute to environments devastation.High technology system is developed to support the industrial business. Some of new technology system that has been invented are not eco-friendly. For instance, in Agriculture industry, pesticide is used for controlling the pest that can harm the plant. The consequences of using pesticide that can contaminate the soil, the plants, and harm the ecosystem surrounding it are being ignored and also it can harm the people who consume the fruits or vegetables of those plants. In addition to this, many wastes are produced every year and most of the waste cannot be recycled.Some of the waste fills the river and harm the ecosystem that live in the river, such as fishes. Later on, consuming fish from contaminated river can jeopardize humans health. In the end, we have to realize that along with standard living improvement, often we neglect our environment and abandon the balance of ecosystem in our planet. Besides environment devastation, we also harm our lives and our next generation lives. It is suppose that now is the ideal time for us as human being to look after our planet maintain, protect and foster our environment surrounding us to build a better health life in the future.

Prejudice Worksheet Essay Example for Free

harm Worksheet EssayPart I Select three of the identity categories below and name or chance upon at least 3 related stereo references for each head for the hills Ethnicity Religion Gender Sexual preference Age Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Race People say black people argon lazy. People say white people are smart People say Jews are cheap but and blonds are dumb. rich. Religion Wic rear Pentacle Study, idolise theGothic people are very weird and Muslims are terrorist and women devil. violent.are beneath them. Sexual orientation course When someone see a feminine man When someone sees masculine women People say quirk is wrong and c alone him gay. she is a lesbian. and immoral. Part II Answer each promontory in 50 to 100 words related to those sort outs. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? The aspects of positive stereotypes can be positive if a individual sl eep together the difference and countenance the knowledge to understand what a person may be stating.If we prefer to someone as a jock we are acknowledging that this person is into sports. A person that is known to be preferred to by Gothic or Punk is because of the type of music they listen to and the type of clothing they wear. Usually no one is offended by this because it is genuine and evident and these are positive aspects of stereotypes. What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? The negative aspects of stereotypes are the lack of mind, the ignorance, and the labeling of someone to combat injury their feelings as an individual or a group of people.A person may see a female with a short hair cut like a man and call them a dike without give wayting to know who that person is and assuming that this is what they are. Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Define stereotypes and preposse ss. What is the difference betwixt stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. Stereotype is something conforming to a fixed or general pattern, a standardized mental picture that is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified opinions, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment.Prejudice is prejudgment and negative attitude based on sex, race, age, sexual orientation, nationality, socioeconomic status, and morality towards an individual or group of people. The difference between stereotype and prejudice is that stereotype is standardized beliefs nearly people based on some prior assumptions. Prejudice is a type of judgment or assumption about somebody before having sufficient knowledge to judge with accuracy. Example of stereotype is all policemen eat donuts.Example of prejudice is an organization that hires more males and reject females are known to be prejudice. What is the family relationship between stereotyping an d prejudice? The relationship between stereotyping and prejudice is that stereotyping promotes prejudice and that prejudice reduction depends on stereotype change. Prejudice also influences the extent of stereotyping. The important theoretical tradition posits that this effect emerges because prejudice encourages the use of stereotypes as a means to justify societal inequality (e.g. , Allport, 1954 Katz Braly, 1933 Lippmann, 1922).What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? Intolerance stems from ignorance and arrogance this go hand in hand and people need to understand and have the knowledge not to pre-judge people. In order to prevent prejudice from occurring we need to begin now with the route we are raising our children and teach them not to be judgmental and preconceive people before we get to know someone.Teach them not to assume to not like someone because of the color of their skin or where they come from. People are people no matter what they may look like, gett ing to know a person is very important and not to judge a book by its cover. lay down rallies of all race and culture so people can have a better understanding of others. It starts at home teach your children a better way so that they will understand feeling in a better perspective. Reference Voices. yahoo. com/stereotyping, Psychology. about. com, www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary, azam. org.

Hul Vijeta Essay Example for Free

Hul Vijeta EssayTaking learnings from earlier years, a fortunate redemption programme was implemented, reducing liability substantially. To maximise redemptions by all whoselsalers in the network in the most efficient manner, thereby reducing HULs liability. Challenge To overcome problems faced in previous redemption holds i. e. poor attendance, long waits and wasted agency resources for visiting cities with gift/ rewards vendors. And to maximise redemptions, given the background and geographical spread of venues. ObjectiveChallenge Target Audience HULs wholesalers, ( Vijeta Programme members) primarily small businesses, who have pissed targets and are wooed by schemes from competition. They earn reward points on every purchase and can redeem them for gifts. spare your points for rewards in your own city - that was the theme. Given that it is an annual event, the task was to create a difference This was through by creating a dedicated Vijeta AV Invites to event.Event colla teralsBackdrops A 74 city redemption drive over 2 days in the cities with maximum points liability. . day one for Platinum and Gold members, Day 2 for Silver. 2. A formal invite with members Vijeta points personalised, sent well in advance. 3. 3 Teams of 4 students from each one per zone ( instead of Agency resources) managed the redemption events with daily reports to a Direxions coordinator. 4. HUL received transaction reports within 48 hours of the transaction being doneDirexions coordinated with vendors to ensure that the value, quality and supply/ quantity of products was commensurate with expectations and demand. 6. A soft copy of all points in each city to enable correct rewards being redeemed 1. 30,000 reward requests requested nationally 2. Rs. 100 Million worth of rewards redeemed.

Analysis Of Change Initiative At Toyota Motor Corporation Management Essay

Analysis Of Change Initiative At Toyota chance Corporation Management Essayoer the past several decades counter stir circumspection has become one of the mostly discussed topics across antithetic industries on the market. The importance of convert centering has wrench forth to be a crucial task for managers and leaders of not only the big world(a) corporations but also sm alone and medium sized enterprises. query suggests that the remove watchfulness is fundamental issue that has to be considered especially when it comes to introducing and adjusting new strategies and policies that will figure out the follows in store(predicate) perspectives and excogitatements. It is essential part of the long-run competitive success formula (Pettigrew and Whipp, 1991).Although many seek findings imply that change management can be defined in different ways depending on the industry and the ships company, thither is a common ground on which the perceptions of the procedures of th e managers are build on. It is argued that lot are the important drivers of change and innovation in the competitive environment of the business world. For this reason, human resources departments play a major role in choosing the right people for the right position and train and develop their employees to become goal and proximo oriented. Findings suggest that in order for a company to accept a favored change management implementation, human resources managers sop up to be able to cope with both transformation and change at heart a single company (Urlich, 1997).According to Urlich (1997) transformation entails fundamental cultural change within a sloshedHR managers managing transformation become both cultural guardians and cultural catalysts. Since nowadays many companies operate on a global scale, the briny issue in managing transformation is to lead the company through variation and espousal of new culture without influencing the old beliefs and values.On the other hand change is usually associate to introducing a certain degree of newness to the company, starting from employing new employees up to introducing new strategies and reshaping the oerall corporate culture, mission, and stack of a company. More precisely change can be considered to be interrelated with transformation. It is defined as the ability of an organization to improve the design and implementation of initiatives and to reduce cycle period in all organizational activities (Urlich, 1997). In order for a change to be enacted and successfully accepted within a company, it is argued that change has to happen at three different levels 1) organizational, 2) team and 3) singular. When the new strategies and initiatives are accepted at all of the three levels, the implementation of change is successful (Hirtz, 2008).In order to have a successful change management implementation across the different levels of act upones within a single company, investigate findings accent on the im portance of having change agents. According to some historical data on human resources, the important drivers for change within a company were considered to be the human resource managers (Urlich, 1997). Being a global company inflicted with differences among the team members, individuals, and the everywhereall organizational structure, the role of the change managers have changed over the long time. It is claimed that nowadays the managers and the leaders at all levels within a single company are obliged to assert the aim for change and its productive implementation. They are the key to successful apprehending of cultural, neighborly, political, and legal differences and the main drivers of motivation to the company as a whole (Hartley et al., 1997).In todays business world companies are striving to achieve a high level of change management implementation. In order to do so, an important factor that has to be interpreted into consideration is the time scale and broadcastning. According to Caudwell (2004), a successful change management should be carefully throwned and it should consist of an identified beginning and an ending that will provide desirable outcomes. However, research suggests that during the change implementation, managers often forget to go back and look at the results that they get at the rattling beginning of the process, which is the reason why many companies failed to transform and change according to their initial plans. For this reason, findings imply that the change management has to be perceived not as a one-time implementation project, but as an on-going, long-term and future oriented system (Caudwell, 2004).Lewins Force Field Analysis ModelMore than fifty years ago Kurt Lewin, using his experience in social psychology and human behavior, developed the astray cognize force field analysis exemplification in order to explain how changes can happen within a single company. The force field analysis theoretical account, or also known as the 3-step ride was primarily developed to help change managers identify the so called driving (or external) and res education (or internal-individual and chemical group behavior) forces that might run the change within a single company (Burns, 2004a). In order for a successful and efficacious change to happen, Lewin proposed that thither are three pointednesss that all(prenominal) company and the individuals and groups being part of that environment should go through. Graphical depiction of the sterilize is shown in find out 1.Figure 1Note Table is taken from http//rapidbi.com/management/kurt-lewin-three-step-change-theory/The first stage is the so-called unfreezing stage where the current situation should be carefully analyze by producing disequilibrium between the driving and the restraining forces. By identifying the field- term referring to the current individual attitudes and beliefs within a group change agents are ready to move on, from the so-called stat us quo position, into the next stage called the move or change stage (Burnes, 2004a). At this point change managers are required to develop a plan that will initiate the urge for change among their employees. The change agents are expected to influence their employees and initiate acceptance and adaptation to the new processes, by strongly focusing on motivation and support. Finally, the third and the last stage is the so called refreezing stage where the role of the change managers is to successfully implement the change dodge (in terms of norms, practices, policies, and culture) and involve sure that these newly accepted changes are not subject to deterioration (Burnes, 2004b)Even though Lewins feigning is one of the most widely used contributors to understanding the change management within a company, there are some critics that have been developed over the past fifty years. Research suggests that the implication of the model is useful in identifying the need, the type, and the resources need to implement a certain degree of change within a company. It implies that the change occurs only at the times when the need for change is identified and that, once the individuals beliefs and attitudes are influenced and the social conflict is resolved, the change is accepted as a positive influence (Greener and Hughes, 2006). Findings propose that the model is establish on simplistic assumptions that the companies operate as static and mechanistic environments and that the change would follow a put right pattern (Burnes, 2004a).Victor and Franckeiss (2002) suggest that in todays highly globalized and highly competitive business world, influenced by the differences in cultures, economies, and politics, change management is a phenomenon that occurs constantly and is planned, revised and updated on a regular basis. It is considered to be a must-do element of their day-to-day activities, and their future harvest-feast and expansion plans (Victor and Franckeiss, 2002) .Analysis of change initiative at ToyotaToyota Motor Corporation is a multinational corporation with its headquarters located in Toyota city and Tokyo- Japan and it is the worlds tether automaker. Since its establishment in 1937, the company has successfully managed to expand globally entering the US market in 1957, Asia, Middle East, and China in 1962, and Europe and Africa in 1987. Today Toyota has its overseas bases in 27 countries and regions, as well as 52 production bases and 8 overseas offices. Toyota employs approximately 320,808 employees in their directly affiliated companies around the globe not counting the substantial number of indirectly employed dealers and suppliers. One of the main differentiation strategies of the company is that they managed to keep the similar organizational culture and strategy throughout the years of their existence. The company has their own Guiding Principles at Toyota and the phoebe bird Main Principles of Toyoda that have been successfu lly implemented in every Toyota subsidiary, factory, and even among their dealers and suppliers. The main purpose of their principles is to keep their stakeholders motivated and prompt to change at any time (Toyota, 2010). More detailed information on the Toyota principles can be found in Figure 2.Figure 2Guiding Principles at ToyotaHonor the language and spirit of the law of every nation and set out open and fair corporate activities to be a good corporate citizen of the world.Respect the culture and impost of every nation and contribute to economic and social development through corporate activities in the communities. grant ourselves to providing clean and safe products and to enhancing the quality of life everywhere through all our activities.Create and develop groundbreaking technologies and provide outstanding products and services that fulfill the needs of customers worldwide.Foster a corporate culture that enhances individual creativity and teamwork value, while honoring mutual trust and respect between labor and management.Pursue growth in harmony with the global community through innovative management.Work with business partners in research and creation to achieve stable, long-term growth and mutual benefits, while keeping ourselves open to new partnerships.Five Main Principles of Toyoda invariably be faithful to your duties,thereby contributing to the Company and to the overall good.Always be studious and creative, striving to stay ahead of the timesAlways be practical and avoid frivolousness.Always strive to build a homelike atmosphere at work that is warm and friendly.Always have respect for God, and remember to be grateful at all times.Note Table is taken from the formalised web page of Toyota Motor Corporation.Since the birth of Toyota, the companys philosophy has been based on successfully contributing to the society, essence identifying the local cultural and social differences and creating products that will satisfy the needs and wants o f the local customers all around the world. end-to-end the years the company has managed to keep up with its corporate principle of delivering glocal products by creating a business model that is mainly a mixture of localization for their global markets (Toyota, 2010).Although keeping their unique corporate culture and values, and implementing the same business strategies and principles of doing business all around the globe, they have managed to differentiate and use up innovativeness to the international markets. The key cornerstone this success is in the regiocentric management orientation. The company has effectively managed to spot the differences and similarities in the home and host countries and develop local view that allowed them to bring changes into their company, starting with the development of few global names of their products with localization content, and exploitation special training and support programs that will sustain the cultural differences and will allo w their new employees to mix with the company much easier (Toyota, 2010).Toyota is one of the worlds widely known companies not only because of their successful business plan that has been implemented at home and overseas, but also because of their revolutionary change that made their management strategy stay the same over the years. By developing the Toyota Production System or TPS which is the method of managing people engaged in work that emphasizes frequent rapid problem solving and work redesign, the company has set the global model for successful performance and productivity (Thompson et al, 2003). The model was originally developed in the seventies and it was mainly used to facilitate production and improve the speed. Over the last several decades the model was widely accepted by many companies operating in different industries. The reason behind the adoption of the model lies in the efforts of Toyota to bring constant change through experimenting and applying new concepts t o the already existing processes (Spear, 2004).But what is the main drive behind successfully applying the TPS strategy? According to Parks (2002) Toyota has been the only company that has managed to apply the process without facing major failures. He claims that for introducing such innovative approach, the whole organizational culture and management should sustain the necessary changes. At Toyota the changes always start with their stakeholders. All the ideas and possible solutions to the existing problems are generated from their employees from all over the world. The solutions are discussed and are implemented as part of their experimental processes after which the final assessment is done. afterwards the decision is made, extensive cross-functional training programs are inducted in order to have productive multifunctional workers who will understand the processes and the implementation of the new strategies. In order to get the desired results, strong change management is nee ded that will provide guidance and will result in disciplined and effective implementation of the change strategies (Parks, 2002).Having a strong management that promotes open and fair corporate activities involving all of the companys employees, introducing diversity programs that support the different cultural backgrounds, and following a clear set of rules (The Code of Conduct) enacted by extensive on-site training activities, is the key factor for success of Toyotas change management processes and strategies (Toyota, 2010).ConclusionAlthough the importance of having an effective change management has been introduced more than five decades ago, it seems that in todays business world its significance and implementation has a greater influence and application among the companies operating in different industries. Globalization and internationalization had significantly influenced the companies to embrace the change management strategies. Operating on different markets around the wo rld requires compliance with the local cultures, economies, and politics which are the main factors for success of an international company. The main issue is to manage to create synergies between the home business strategy and corporate culture and the host- local cultures and procedures. Although it might seem like a logical transformation that has to be done, without implementing strong change management policies that will be based on the differences and similarities of the markets and the people, administering change can turn out to be one of the most difficult processes.Following the example of Toyota, in order to have efficient change management teams and change strategies that would be accepted within a company, managers should stress out the importance of all of their employees. By becoming part of the problem solving and decision making processes, managers would get the opportunity to understand the cultural backgrounds of their employees and eliminate the factors that migh t influence their behavior. On the other hand the employees would emotional state involved and motivated and the implementation of the possible changes would result in positive outcomes. This is the reason why over the years Toyota has managed to keep the same organizational culture and strategy, yet always being able to bring innovativeness and set benchmark for other companies on the market to follow.