What is an International Baccalaureate (IB) School

International Baccalaureate (IB) world schools are committed to active, creative cross-cultural education and allow the recipients of IB high school diplomas to study at universities worldwide. The goal of an IB education is to create responsible, socially conscious adults who use their cross-cultural education to promote world peace. IB schools have become increasingly popular in recent years, and there are more IB programs in public and private schools than ever before. The History of IB The IB diploma was developed by teachers at the International School of Geneva. These teachers created an educational program for students who moved internationally and who wanted to attend a university. The early program was concentrated on developing an educational program to prepare students for college or university and a set of exams that these students needed to pass to attend universities. Most of the early IB schools were private, but now half of the world’s IB schools are public. Arising from these early programs, the International Baccalaureate Organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, founded in 1968, oversees over 900,000 students in 140 countries. The United States has over 1,800 IB World Schools. The mission statement of the IB reads as follows: â€Å"The International Baccalaureate aims to develop inquiring, knowledgeable and caring young people who help to create a better and more peaceful world through intercultural understanding and respect.† The  IB Programs The primary years program, for children ages 3-12, helps children develop methods of inquiry so that they are able to ask questions and think critically.The middle years program, from ages 12 to 16, helps children make connections between themselves and the greater world.The diploma program (read more below)  for students ages 16-19 prepares students for university studies and for a meaningful life beyond the university.The career-related program applies the principles of IB to students who wish to pursue career-related study.   IB schools are notable for how much of the work in the classroom comes from the interests and questions of the students. Unlike in a traditional classroom, in which teachers design the lessons, children in an IB classroom help direct their own learning by asking questions that might re-direct the lesson. While the students don’t have total control over the classroom, they help contribute to a dialogue with their teachers from which the lessons develop. In addition, IB classrooms are usually trans-disciplinary in nature, meaning that subjects are taught in many different areas. Students may learn about dinosaurs in science and draw them in art class, for example. In addition, the cross-cultural component of IB schools means that students study other cultures and a second or even third language, often working to the point of fluency in the second language. Many subjects are taught in the second language, as teaching in a foreign language requires students not only to learn that language but also to often shift the way they think about the subject. The Diploma Programme The requirements to earn an IB diploma are stringent. Students must compose an extended essay of approximately 4,000 words that requires a good deal of research, using the critical-thinking and inquiry-based skills that the program stresses from the primary years. The program also emphasizes creativity, action, and service, and students must complete requirements in all these areas, including community service. Students are encouraged to think critically about how they acquire knowledge and evaluate the quality of the information they receive. Many schools are full IB, meaning all students participate in the rigorous academic program, while other schools offer students the option of enrolling as a full IB diploma candidate or, they can simply take a selection of IB courses and not the full IB curriculum. This partial participation in the program gives students  a taste of the IB program but does not make them eligible for the IB diploma. In recent years, IB programs have grown  in the United States. Students and parents are attracted to the international nature of these programs and their solid preparation for students to exist in a global world. Increasingly, students must possess an education in which cross-cultural understanding and language skills are valued and enhanced. In addition, experts have cited the high quality of IB programs, and the programs are lauded for their quality control and the commitment of their students and teachers. Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski

Essay For Bursary Free Essay Example, 1000 words

My class performance has continually worsened over the years mainly because I always prefer to concentrate on accomplishing employment tasks. Normally, having excellent performance at work has enhanced my job security and continued income. However, excellent employment performance has existed at the expense of my educational brilliance. Obtaining the bursary would enable me to pay my tuition fees and adequately find more time to concentrate on studies. I believe in my potential to perform brilliantly if I pay my school fees in time and have adequate studies time. In addition, I would have enough time to attend classes, concentrate in class and diligently accomplish assignments. Though I have managed to secure employment in the past, part-time jobs have become difficult to find because many employers prefer permanent employees. Lack of constant employment has resulted into financial struggles, as I am not currently able to pay adequately my tuition fees. Sometimes I luckily secure temporarily employment and have to struggle looking for new employers. Searching for new employment besides being a struggle normally consume most of my studies time and consequently affect performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay For Bursary or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Moreover, the social stigma of working and studying at the same time has greatly affected my educational performance. Despite the struggles of finding employment, working, and concentrating on studies, I have managed to maintain hard work with hope for financial and educational success in the future. Besides employment struggles, I also face financial constraints in relation to transport charges. I commute daily using public transport to school, an activity that requires constant financial availability. With the constant inflation in public transport prices, I find it difficult to attend classes on a daily basis. Moreover, I sometimes have to forgo imperative classes when lacking enough transport charges. Missing classes has greatly affected my class overall performance. Challenges The world economy is experiencing significant financial meltdown and inflation. As a student, I face challenges the economy poses as any other citizen around the world. Personally, I cannot receive any line of credit because I do not have an eligible full-time employment. Inability to receive line of credit has been the primary challenge to me as a post-secondary education student. I believe that the bursary would greatly assist me in supporting my needs without depending on line credits. Balancing school workload and working part-time has been a challenge.

The Case Of Brown V. Board Of Education Of Topeka

In 1954, The United States Supreme Court made a landmark decision with its ruling in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. The ruling was a monumental one for multiple reasons. Firstly, it was a major step in the Civil Rights Movement as it ended the legal use of â€Å"separate but equal† facilities, under the ruling that this violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause. It gave African-Americans access to better schools, and also gave them a greater sense of dignity as they no longer could be legally forced to drink from different fountains or sit in separate sections. Another aspect of the decision that makes it so significant is the fact that it did the rare task of overturning a previous Supreme Court decision,†¦show more content†¦He believed that in order to understand law, one must first realize what law’s purpose is. He, like Thomas, argued that law’s purpose it to benefit society by creating a morally sound or der to human action and conduct. He detailed seven goods that he believed to be intrinsic and universal, and argued that laws should be enforced under the stipulation that they adhere to the enhancement of these goods, because they are what determines a fulfilling life. They are: life, knowledge, play, aesthetic experience, sociability, practical reasonableness, and religion. The goods that relate to the thesis of this paper the most are knowledge and sociability, as the result of the case has a direct benefit on them and is, therefore, moral and legitimate. Legal positivists, however, disagree that morality has any place in determining what legitimate law is. H. L. A. Hart based much of his theory on the previous legal positivist John Austin’s work. Austin believed that laws obtain their legitimacy from the recognition of a society’s members in the authority of their unruled ruler. This unruled entity that enforces laws with the backing of sanctions, is what Austin te rms the ‘sovereign.’ He believed that in order for a sovereign to exist it had to be habitually complied with by those it governs. What separates Austin’s theory from natural law theories is that he did not believe that laws had to be created or followed on the basis of morality. According to Austin’sShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of Oliver Brown V. The Board Of Education Of Topeka1991 Words   |  8 PagesThe question that this historical investigation and sources will be seeking to answer is: To what extent did the case of Oliver Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas further the progress of the civil rights movement in search of African-American equality? The first source being evaluated is â€Å"The Brown Decision: Its Long Anticipation and Lasting Influence.† This academic journal article originates from the Journal of Southern History, and is written by Linda Reed, an associate professorRead MoreBrown vs Board of Education600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Brown vs Board of Education as a major turning point in African American. Brown vs Board of Education was arguably the most important cases that impacted the African Americans and the white society because it brought a whole new perspective on whether â€Å"separate but equal† was really equal. The Brown vs Board of Education was made up of five different cases regarding school segregation. â€Å"While the facts of each case are different, the main issue in each was the constitutionality of state-sponsoredRead MoreOutline Of A Speech On History And Education846 Words   |  4 PagesSegregation in Education General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about one of the most notorious eras in politics and education. Thesis: â€Å"Brown V. The Board of Education of Topeka† and its reversal of the decision of â€Å"Plessy V. Ferguson† and the â€Å"Separate but Equal clause† is one of the most monumental, and impactful decision ever made. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: B. Thurgood Marshall was responsible for rearguing the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case andRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education830 Words   |  4 PagesBrown v. Board of Education The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case is a well-known case that went to the Incomparable Court for racial reasons with the leading body of training. The case was really the name given to five separate cases that were heard by the U.S. Preeminent Court concerning the issue of isolation in state funded schools. These cases were Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Briggs v. Elliot, Davis v. Board of Education of Prince Edward County (VA.), Boiling v. Sharpe,Read MoreBrown V. The Board Of Education1136 Words   |  5 PagesBrown v. The Board of Education Topeka, Kansas, 1950, a young African-American girl named Linda Brown had to walk a mile to get to her school, crossing a railroad switchyard. She lived seven blocks from an all white school. Linda’s father, Oliver, tried to enroll her into the all white school. The school denied her because of the color of her skin. Segregation was widespread throughout our nation. Blacks believed that the â€Å"separate but equal† saying was false. They felt that whites had more educationalRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education Of Topeka1634 Words   |  7 PagesBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, insofar as it applied to public education. Handed down on May 17, 1954, the Warren Cou rt s unanimous (9–0) decision stated that separate educational facilitiesRead MoreBrown vs. Board of Education: Case Study1745 Words   |  7 PagesBefore Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was taken to the Supreme Court, the ruling in earlier Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson stood. Plessy v. Ferguson established the separate but equal doctrine, which pervaded nearly every aspect of American life. One of the realms that Plessy v Ferguson expressly applied to was the area of public schools. Public schools in America could be racially segregated, based on the assumption that African-American schools were equal to their white counterpartsRead MoreThe Court Case that Changed the World: Brown v. Board of Education1078 Words   |  5 PagesBrown v. Board of Education is a story of triumph over a society where separating races simply based on appearances was the law. It is a story of two little girls who has to walk through a railroad switchyard in Topeka, Kansas in 1950 just to attend school. With lunch bags and backpacks in hand, they make their way to the black bus stop which is a distance of the tracks. They have to walk this distance, pass the buses filled with white children because they are unable to attend the nearby whiteRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education 347 Us 4831438 Words   |  6 PagesBrown v. Board of Education 347 US 483 (1954) Jim Crow Laws As society changes, laws change as well to keep up with changes in some cases, the law are for the better of the majority, however, there have been several laws that have been enacted to impose inequality. On May 17, 1954, the United States Supreme Court handed down its ruling in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. Education of Topeka that Racial education of Topeka that racial segregation in public schoolsRead MorePlessy vs Ferguson678 Words   |  3 PagesPlessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. the Topeka Board of Education In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson the Supreme Court decided that having †separate but equal† accommodations for Whites and Colored did not violate the 14th Amendment (Wolff, 1997). This allowed states to continue segregation as they saw fit. The Plessy v. Ferguson case was centered on the segregation of railroad cars but the final ruling supported that all â€Å"separate but equal† accommodations were allowed by the constitution and was

Risk Management Issues In Project Planning

Question: Discuss about theRisk Management Issues In Project Planning. Answer: Project Context In recent times with rapidly changing business environment, project management has gained importance in every organization whether small, medium or large (Atkinson et al., 2006). This is mainly because of the benefits reaped from successful project management. Project Management proves to be beneficial for the business organizations to achieve maximum return by using minimum resources i.e. it helps in achieving cost efficiency and enhances the productivity of the employees by driving them towards working in a team (Larson Gray, 2011). In the present competitive business environment, an organization can succeed only if it adopts creativity and innovation and both these aspects are ensured by project management (Shenhar Dvir, 2007). Project management helps in completing the work systematically since in project management, everything is done in a proper sequence starting from setting of the goals and objectives to implementation of strategies for successful achievement of the project goals (Meredith Mantel, 2011). Thus Project Management has emerged as an attractive profession. Moreover, project Management has emerged as one of the prestigious professions in competitive market and this is because project management is more challenging and it enhances the learning of the individuals exponentially and acquiring experience by solving critical issues pertaining to the various requirements of different projects (Crawford et al., 2006). An individual who recognizes himself as a good problem solver and is ready to take the challenges upfront then, the profession of Project Management is best suitable for him or her (Meredith et al., 2013). Moreover, the Project Management as a profession demands good attitude towards work, good level acceptability and huge patience (Madter et al., 2012). In addition, it is also the fact that overall money matters and Project Management as a profession fetches an individual with starting remuneration between S20,000 to $35,000 on the basis of the industry norms. So, with respect to earnings an individual as a Project Manager can fi nd himself on good edge that can solve all his financial requirements and it also provides individual with the opportunity of leading a lavish life and various other benefits (Holzle, 2010). In order to become a professional Project Manager, it becomes important on the part of the individual to exhibit a broad a range of talents to bring teams together and assist the organization in reaching its goals. Thus there are various skills and knowledge required to become a professional Project Manager: Vision A professional project manager should possess a clear vision of where to go and the ability to articulate the same. Communication Professional Project Manager should possess effective communication skills to communicate the goals, performance, responsibility, feedback and expectations. He should also possess the desired negotiation and persuasive skills to ensure the success of the team (Brill et al., 2006). Integrity A professional Project Manager is responsible for setting ethical standards for the team and thus he should be characterized with honesty, loyalty and integrity. Enthusiasm and Passion The Project Manager should possess a can do attitude. He should be enthusiastic to remain committed to the goals and express the commitment through optimism (Thomas Mengel, 2008). Empathy and Compassion Project Manager should understand that team members have life outside the workplace and the individuals are not machines without emotions. So, considering these aspects, he would be able to develop personal relationship with the team members necessary for achieving better results (McManus, 2006). Competence The Project Manager should be competent in context to both the soft skills and technical skills. He should possess the ability to challenge, lead inspire, enable, model and encourage the team members. Moreover, he should also be aware of the technical know of the details of the project he or she is handling. Delegation The Project Manager should possess the ability to delegate and so he should be able recognize the expertise and skills of the team members and assign the tasks accordingly. Composure It is important for the Project Manager to remain composed and maintain his cool irrespective of the level of pressure. Team Building The Project Manager should be a good team builder and he should be able to maintain a sense of team spirit despite of the problems in project execution. Problem Solving The Project Manager should possess the ability of solving problems, may it be with the team or with the project itself. This would help in developing a sense of trust among the team members that the Project Manager can solve their problems (Middlewood and Abbott, 2012). However, Project Manager should involve the team in problem solving. Risk Management The skills required by the Professional Project Manager have undergone significant changes over the years. The technological advancements have led to increased uncertainty and thus risks associated with the project cannot be controlled by developing detailed project plans (Ferraro, 2008). Thus a successful Project manager emphasizes upon learning to adapt to the changes rather than making attempts to eliminate the risks. Project Proposal Working Title: Risk Management Issues in Project Planning Background and Definition of the Issue The studies conducted by (De Bakker et al., 2010) has revealed that a project generals fails when the plan is not met i.e. the project exceeds the timeline, overspends the budget or underperforms expectations. So, it can be said that the project tends to fail when the plan is too optimistic i.e. when costs and actions are forced for achieving the predetermined targets and when the external events influences the project plan i.e. lack of sufficient resources, unanticipated work and extraordinary events (Olsson, 2008). So, this leads to the necessity of risk assessment techniques for obtaining more realistic estimates that can lead to more attainable plan. This helps the project to be more likely towards meeting its forecasts and avoid disappointments. Risk Management emphasizes upon disclosing the sensitivity of the project to the participants and thus ensures the fact that all the threats are fully understood (Bannerman, 2008). This in turn leads to setting the targets and contingenc ies at correct levels, negotiating the contracts with accurate understanding of the potential challenges and provide opportunities for developing the risk mitigation strategies in advance (Kendrick, 2015). So, on the basis of the above aspects, it can be said that risk and uncertainty if not managed efficiently can lead to damaging consequences and this is the reason why risk analysis and management is an important aspect in project manager for achieving success. This, in turn makes it necessary on the part of the project managers to possess the right knowledge and experience in context to risk analysis and management. Thus, taking into consideration the above aspects, the researcher in the present study would emphasize upon analyzing the importance of risk management and identifying the risk management issues in project planning. Research Rationale Analysis has revealed that the success rate of the projects is very low globally and this evident from the fact that globally only 64% of the projects meet their goals. Moreover, around 70% of the companies report that at least one of their projects have failed in the year 2013 and this has resulted in a loss of around $109 million for every $1 billion they have invested in their projects (projectmanagementworks, 2014). Other statistics reveal that where high performing organizations are characterized with a success rate of 89%, the low performers are characterized with a success rate of mere 36%. The analysis of the major realisms behind the failure of the projects revealed that undefined risks are responsible for 30% of the project failures (projectmanagementworks, 2014). So, these figures clearly highlight the importance of risk management in project management. So, the above aspects motivated the researcher to undertake the study to analyze the importance of risk management and identify the risk management issues in project planning. Research Aim and Objectives The researcher in the present study would strive towards analyzing the importance of risk management issues in project planning together with analyzing the importance of risk management in project management and thus the entire study would be observed to revolving around the following research objectives: To analyze the risks that project managers attend to while managing the project. To analyze the risk management practices that project managers employ while managing the project. To investigate the risk management strategies employed by the project manager while managing the project. Literature Review The studies conducted by Hillson, (2006) has revealed that there are various concepts like explicit opportunity management, the uncertainty management paradigm, a constructively simple approach to evaluation and interpretation of estimates, risk attitude and complexity theory concepts that are important for improving the management of risk and uncertainty in a complex project environment. Moreover, the studies conducted by Olsson, (2007)put forward the fact that the probability based risk management theory does not provide explanation to the important aspects of the observed project management practice and the assumptions of the probability based approach exhibits limited applicability. Analysis of the available literature revealed that there exist very limited evidence where the literature is mainly focused upon the importance of risk management in project management and risk management issues in project management (Hillson Murray-Webster, 2008). So, this can be looked upon to be a research gap especially in context to the uncertainty and risk management practices on the part of the project manager in relation to the complexity of the project. Moreover, studies conducted by Zhang, (2011) has emphasized upon facilitating the project managers with advices in context to the ways in which they can manage the risks involved in the project rather an assessing the relative effectiveness of the advices. Thus, with increased number of project failure together with increasing complexities in the project and inadequate risk and uncertainty management practices creates the need to analyze the risk management strategies and practices that are efficient in managing the risks involved in the project. Research Process The researcher in the present study would strive towards collecting the secondary data from both the online and offline sources. The online sources would include the peer reviewed articles, early researches and journals published online (Zikmund et al., 2013). Various articles relevant to the undertaken study would be searched with the help of Google Search Engine and would be reviewed manually by reviewing the abstract, title and list of references to decide upon where to include the article or journal into study or not. The inclusion criteria would include studies providing details of risk management in project management, studies published within a time a frame of 2006 to 2016 and the studies published in English language. The sleeted articles for the study would be analyzed and interpreted to analyze the alignment that exist between the available literature and the findings that would determine the success of the study (Blumberg et al., 2014). Major Millstones of the Project: Gantt Chart Main Activities/ Stages Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Topic selection and its scope Identification of secondary data sources Preparation of research proposal Preparation of literature review Description of research methodology Preparing ethics form Analysing data Comparing findings Conclusion and recommendations Finalising and submission Conclusion The study would prove to be beneficial on the part of the researcher to gain the required knowledge to become a professional in Project Manager that would assist him in handling projects at work in future. References Atkinson, R., Crawford, L., Ward, S. (2006). Fundamental uncertainties in projects and the scope of project management.International journal of project management,24(8), 687-698. Bannerman, P. L. (2008). Risk and risk management in software projects: A reassessment.Journal of Systems and Software,81(12), 2118-2133. Blumberg, B. F., Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S. (2014).Business research methods. McGraw-hill education. Brill, J. M., Bishop, M. J., Walker, A. E. (2006). The competencies and characteristics required of an effective project manager: A web-based Delphi study.Educational technology research and development,54(2), 115-140. Crawford, L., Pollack, J., England, D. (2006). Uncovering the trends in project management: Journal emphases over the last 10 years.International journal of project management,24(2), 175-184. De Bakker, K., Boonstra, A., Wortmann, H. (2010). Does risk management contribute to IT project success? A meta-analysis of empirical evidence.International Journal of Project Management,28(5), 493-503. Ferraro, J. (2008). The strategic project leader. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach Publications. Hillson, D. (2006). Extending the risk process to manage opportunities. International Journal of Project Management, 20, 235-240. Hillson, D., Murray-Webster, R. (2008). Managing group risk attitude (pp. 190). Burlington, USA: Ashgate Publishing. Hlzle, K. (2010). Designing and implementing a career path for project managers.International Journal of Project Management,28(8), 779-786. Kendrick, T. (2015).Identifying and managing project risk: essential tools for failure-proofing your project. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. F. (2011). Project management: The managerial process. Madter, N., Bower, D. A., Aritua, B. (2012). Projects and personalities: A framework for individualising project management career development in the construction industry.International Journal of Project Management,30(3), 273-281. McManus, J. (2006). Leadership. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J. (2011).Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons. Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J., Shafer, S. M. (2013).Project management in practice. Wiley Global Education. Middlewood, D. and Abbott, I. (2012). Achieving success with your leadership project. Los Angeles: Sage. Olsson, R. (2007). In search of opportunity : Is the risk management process enough? International Journal of Project Management, 25(8), 745-752. Olsson, R. (2008). Risk management in a multi-project environment: An approach to manage portfolio risks.International journal of quality reliability management,25(1), 60-71. projectmanagementworks. (2014).Project Failure Statistics: The Shocking Truth. [online] Retrieved from: https://projectmanagementworks.com/project-failure-statistics/. Shenhar, A. J., Dvir, D. (2007).Reinventing project management: the diamond approach to successful growth and innovation. Harvard Business Review Press. Thomas, J., Mengel, T. (2008). Preparing project managers to deal with complexityAdvanced project management education.International Journal of Project Management,26(3), 304-315. Zhang, H. (2011). Two schools of risk analysis : A review of past research on project risk. Project Management Journal, 42(4), 5-18. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013).Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Essay Example

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Essay Texting and driving is one of the most debated topics in society. Whether it affects all people or whether or not youre Just good at multi tasking. Yet, all people would come to the agreement that it is one the most dangerous activities to participate in and ends millions of lives yearly. Drivers and Legislators Dismiss Cellphone Risks published in New York Times by Matt Richtel and LOL? Texting While Driving Is No Laughing Matter: Proposing a Coordinated Response to Curb this Dangerous Activity by Alexis M. Farris are two articles that present variations of ethos, pathos, and logos nd make identical arguments claiming that texting and driving is not only dangerous but is shaping the way Americans live. Both articles illustrate several accounts on the dangers of texting and driving and how the activity could potentially be stopped proving both articles to be well accounted for. While Matt Richtel and Alexis. M. Farris both reach the conclusion that texting while driving has a negative impact on people, Farris article is far deeper and less biased then Richtels who relies more on personal inference rather than factual evidence. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Matt Richtel begins his article Drivers and Legislators Dismiss Cellphone risks ith a personal account of a young man getting his first car and within the first couple of months of driving ending anothers life because of texting and driving. Richtel, conveys the dangers of texting and driving through interviews with teenagers and adults. Richtels use of this technique in writing makes his article personal and rather informal and directed to a more general public audience by interviewing people who are guilty of texting and driving making the situation more relatable. People such as Tad Jones who is the floor leader in the Oklahoma house who stated Im on the phone from when I leave the Capitol to when I get home, and thats a two hour drive, a lot of people who travel are used to using the phone (Richtel, 2). Ricthels main focus is the issue with people not understanding or caring about the dangers of texting and driving. Richtel makes decent claims and produces data and surveys that should open the eyes toa general audience such as 81 percent of cellphone users acknowledged that they talk on phones while driving and 98 percent considered themselves safe drivers (Richtel, 3). Richtel uses real life situations and eople to persuade the audience into realizing the severity of texting and driving and utilizes the information he has in way that interests the audience to want to know more about the topic at hand. Alexis M. Farriss article LOL? Texting While Driving is No Laughing Matter: Proposing a Coordinated Response to Curb Dangerous Activity introduces the audience with information about the increasing number of wireless cellphone users a long with increasing number of text messages that are sent every year (Farris, 237). Farris main goal in her article is to make the audience aware of the statistics and esearch that proves texting and driving to be extremely dangerous and to propose a solution that could help end distracted driving. Farris introduces the audience with statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration revealing the 20 percent of all car crash fatalities in 2009 were someway involved in distracted driving targeted toward a more academic audience such as researchers and scholars. In Farris article she addresses the Government and legislatures stating that Congress should utilize its Commerce Clause and essentially force the States to legislate the area of texting while driving (Farris, 251). She also goes on to lay out and explain the Bills and Laws that have been sent to Congress multiple times that ban using a cell phone while driving yet Farris claims that Congress has not acted (Farris, 254). Farris logic in her claims are supported well and she illustrates many compelling facts that prove the dangers of texting while driving to be accurate. Matt Richtels and Alexis Farris articles discuss the same issue and ultimately have the same end in mind on what to do about texting and driving. However, the information and credibility presented in each article is different. Matt Richtel, a journalist for New York Times presents many facts about texting while driving a long with the multiple interviews with people sharing their personal opinions, experiences and views about the issue and although the interviews and facts he presents are interesting they do not prove to be credible. Richtel fails to provide any sources for any of his research and seems biased in some of his claims in his article and completely lacking ethos. For example, Richtel presented a set of data that illustrated the number of cellphone distractions that caused deaths every year and went on to ay that Americans have largely ignored the research and that there is a large disconnect between perception and reality that is worsening the problem claiming that drivers overestimate their own ability to safely multitask (Richtel, 1). Texting and driving is a difficult topic to be unbiased about but Richtels claims make it seem that he is basing his opinions off of research and not experience. Whereas, Alexis Farris article consists of constant research and data supported by multiple transportation administrations and content pulled from bills stating rules about texting and driving (Farris, 252). Alex Farris obtained her Jurius Doctor degree from the Washington School of Law making her fully equipped to research the legal matters regarding distracted driving. Although Farris does state that Congress should step up and pass a bill ending texting and driving and propose ideas in order for it to subside, she backs up her claims with research and also attempts to see both sides of the issue with banning texting and driving. For example, Alexis stated that maybe the reason this happens is because people are so used to checking their emails and sending text messages all the time. Farris claims Drivers feel that they can support egislation banning texting while driving and yet still text themselves because, when it comes to texting while driving, they minimize the dangers of their own actions (Farris, 246). Farris attempts to see the reasoning behind why people continue to text and drive without blindly making a statement and once her evidence is Justified, she states her claim again tying herself back into her main points while using the right amount of ethos throughout the article. Matt Richtels use of pathos throughout Drivers and Legislators Dismiss Cellphone Risks is what makes the audience keep reading. By using personal interviews about individuals experiences the article seems much more applicable to the audience. Richtel interviewed a man who plead guilty to negligent homicide for the death of a woman he hit while he was distracted at the wheel of car. The man he interviewed told Richtel l hope they dont communicated to his audience through their emotions and made his article personal and relatable by using language that the audience could understand and connect with. In Alexis Farris article LOL? Texting while Driving is No Laughing Matter: Proposing a Coordinated Response to Curb Dangerous Activity provided no motional appeal whatsoever. Farris focused on the business side of texting while driving rather than diving into the audiences emotions. Since the audience is mainly targeted towards scholars and researchers the terms used are complex and a lot more technical than Richtels article. For example, Farris refers to the federal government and legislation multiple times throughout her article and discusses laws and policy of transportation in detail (Farris, 254). Although Alexis Farris pathos was not as present in her writings she targets the audience she intended to and does not et caught up in the emotions of the topic and base her article solely on emotional experience. Matt Richtels and Alexis Farris articles both illustrated key points in the controversial issue of texting while driving. While Drivers and Legislators Dismiss Cellphone Risks had a strong sense of pathos through emotional connection it lacked research and evidence to back up Richtels arguments and claims, causing the article to seem one-dimensional. LOL? Texting while Driving is No Laughing Matter: Proposing a Coordinated Response exemplified ethos and logos and while it did not resent the strongest pathos, Farris was confident in her claims and arguments about texting while driving enabling the article to stand on its own. Works Cited Farris, Alexis M. I. LOL? Texting While Driving Is No Laughing Matter: Proposing A Coordinated Response To Curb This Dangerous Activity. Washington University Journal Of Law Policy 36. (2011): 233-259. Index to Legal Periodicals Books Full Text (H. W. Wilson). Web. 14 Nov. 2013. Richtel, Matt. Drivers and Legislators Dismiss Cellphone Risks. Www. nytimes. com. New York Times, 19 June 2009. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.

Critical Review of Fichtenaus Charlemagne Essay Example

Critical Review of Fichtenaus Charlemagne Essay Example Critical Review of Fichtenaus Charlemagne Essay Critical Review of Fichtenaus Charlemagne Essay Critical Review of Fichtenau’s The Carolingian Empire: The Age of Charlemagne This is an analytical book review of Heinrich Fichtenau’s The Carolingian Empire: The Age of Charlemagne. It will cover the Fichtenau’s writing techniques and sources he used in developing this fascinating book. Thesis: To better understand the significance of Charles the Great, one must first comprehend the unfortunate features challenging Charles during the Carolingian period. This was a quality intention for Fichtenau because historians have struggled with the legend of Charlemagne. It is hard to distinguish his celebrity myths from the factual truth. Content: Fichtenau created an enchanting overview of the social, economic, political, and religious problems that faced Charles the Great. The author tried to remove the legendary side of Charles and reveal his human side. â€Å"No man’s stature is increased by the accumulation of myths, and nothing is detracted from genuine historical greatness by the consideration of a man’s purely human side† (Fichtenau, p. 25). He focuses not only on Charlemagne, but also on the human affairs confronting the people of the Carolingian Empire. Fichtenau also takes an in-depth look at the various classes of people within the empire. He examines the scholars of the empire and their effect on how Charlemagne is portrayed in their works. Although seen as propagandists, Fichtenau commends the scholars for their contributions (Ficthenau, p. 103). Also, he scrutinizes the large, growing gap between the rich and the poor of the empire. The ruling class became overwhelmed with a lust for power and wealth (Fichtenau, p. 112). The author additionally tackles the issue of Christianity in the kingdom. Charles basically forced his subjects into Christianity. This meant they supported Christianity, but not with sincerity (Fichtenau, p. 143). Fichtenau sees the time of peace in the Frankish kingdom as more of a mirage or lull period, as opposed to actual tranquility. He describes the era as successful in comparison to the later generations, but still full inequality (Fichtenau, p. 155). Charlemagne did however bring unity and order to the Frankish kingdom. His leadership and rule would factor into the future development of Europe. Sources: Fichtenau uses mainly primary but also a good share of secondary sources in this book. It was surprising he used any secondary sources because in the preface, the translator points out how great number of secondary sources about Charlemagne have conflicting views (Fichtenau, xi). Writers put their own interpretations within their works. Fichtenau’s repeated use of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica works is an example of his application of primary source material. These compiled manuscripts and other documents hold substantial historical value, which Ficthenau utilizes superbly. One example is when he refers the reader to a poem in the MGH about the blessing of a church. By using more primary sources, Fichtenau establishes more credibility with the reader. The sources are hard proof and not facts from a secondary source that we have no knowledge of. Deciphering the Fichtenau’s usage of secondary sources was hard because my book lists all the footnotes in German. However, I was able to tell that he did consult works by other authors. The citations included some sort of title, author, possibly a publisher, and also a page number. Based on the context, it appears that he only uses secondary sources when discussing broader or sometimes foreign topics. For example, he uses L. Thorndike’s, A History of Magic and Experimental Science when discussing astrology in the kingdom (Fichtenau, p. 151). The basis of Fichtenau’s work is derived mainly from primary sources. This produces a sense of trust and believability in his work. Methodology: As stated above, Fichtenau assembled almost all of his information from the MGH and historical script. The overall structure of The Carolingian Empire is fractured. Fichtenau introduces the empire and Charles the Great in the beginning. He then changes course and discusses the people of the empire. There is no real chronological feel to the writing. He does get back to Charlemagne’s story towards the end of book, but by that point any sense of a timeline of the empire or Charlemagne’s life is lost. Fichtenau puts his own personal inferences into his writing. For example, when covering the topic of how Charlemagne accumulated his wealth, Fichtenau describes his military expeditions as â€Å"wars of aggression. Also, he states that there was â€Å"military, political, and religious motives† behind Charlemagne’s work. There is no script or source to back these claims up and therefore appear to simply by the opinion of the author’s. In J. M. Wallace-Hadrill’s review of the book, he was upset that Peter Munz left out the chapter on the Carolingian Empire after Charlemagne’s death (Wallace-Hadrill). Th is would have changed the structure of the book and added to chronological story. Writing and Graphics: Graphic illustrations are lacking in The Carolingian Empire. The abbot’s house†¦burnt down and the abbot himself was killed by the flames in an attempt to salvage his property† (Ficthtenau, p. 152). This is a great example of a place where the author could have placed a few descriptive or emotional words to help paint a better picture. The only place I found satisfactory description was in the illustration of Charles’s physique. â€Å"†¦a thick, short-set neck, and a protruding paunch† (Fichtenau, p. 26). My favorite was his â€Å"large, vivacious eyes† (Fichtenau, p. 6). It is worth noting however that these were not Fichtenau’s words, but those of the biographer Einhard. It felt as if I was reading a history book as opposed to a novel. Not once was I drawn into any sort of story by Fichtenau’s writing technique. I think t he intended audience for this work was the college-educated public. There is some background information needed to understand the writing, and therefore a person of the general public would not be able to comprehend this work. Fichtenau’s comparison between the Byzantine Empire and the Frankish Empire would not communicate well to some one the general public who had no knowledge of the Byzantians. When Clovis is discussed in the introduction, I was able to understand the reference because I am college-educated and have learned about Clovis (Fichtenau, p. 2-3). The book is not at historian level for the exact same reasons. The conversation and language was not over my head. I was able to follow the author’s points and not get lost in complicated words or explanations. The Carolingian Empire is an appreciable introductory piece to Charlemagne and his empire. It is full of facts and historical references, but falls short when trying to portray the image of the kingdom graphically to the reader. Bibliography Fichtenau, Heinrich. The Carolingian Empire: The Age of Charlemagne. Trans. Peter Munz. Toronto: University of Toronto in Association with the Medieval Academy of America, 2000. Print. Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. Rev. of The Carolingian Empire by Heinrich Fichtenau. The English Historical Review 73 (1958): 342. JSTOR. Web. 3 Nov. 2010.

Rotana Hotels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rotana Hotels - Essay Example By understanding the direction the business is to take long-term, it can make decisions that always lead to goal attainment. Rotana’s stated goals of increasing the number of Hotels to 100 within a specific time period shows that the business understands how to develop strategy properly. The goals as they are written give Rotana focus and give the chain a sense of purpose about what direction to take moving forward. By setting two to three years as the basis of expansion, it gives the organization a very clear time-frame regarding what efforts need to be undertaken to get there. In some ways, this can be considered part of the vision as it gives everyone in the organization a sense of direction and know where the business is trying to head. As to whether they meet the criteria of well-written goals, the answer would have to be no. Well-written goals have specific accomplishments listed about the long-term strategy. They should include objectives on how the business intends to succeed all the way through the entire management process from planning, to organizing, to leading and controlling. This is just a broad goal without specific strategies listed. â€Å"To be the Leading Hospitality Management Company within the Middle East and Africa operating a comprehensive range of products and brands that aim to meet all the requirements of our guests† (Rotana, 2011, p.1). organization is actually in business and what is it trying to achieve as well as where it wants to go in the long-term. It tells that it is a customer-focused business that devotes most of its efforts into marketing and guest services. Like most visions should, it should motivate Rotana workers to achieve the goals of providing these guest services and inspire innovators in the company to develop new product variety. Rotana’s values are founded on its LIFE principles, which are long-term, innovation, friendly and ethical.