The Role of Paradigms Changes

Logical upsets can be talked about as the unpredictable changes of ideal models, and these huge scope changes are the aftereffects of emergencies in the logical world which lead to adjusting the viewpoint from which the universe of science is seen by specialists. While talking about the centrality and job of the logical insurgency for a researcher, Thomas Kuhn states, â€Å"though the world doesn't change with a difference in worldview, the researcher subsequently works in an alternate world† (Kuhn, refered to in Curd Psillos 2008, p. 242).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Role of Paradigms’ Changes explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Kuhn’s thought can be talked about from two inverse viewpoints. From one perspective, tolerating a progressive worldview, researchers work in an alternate world in light of the fact that the new worldview rejects the bygone one, and it is important to concentrate on new associations , items, content, and worthy answers for logical inquiries. In addition, the move to the new worldview implies huge changes in the scientists’ impression of the world, and in their logical ‘imagination’; accordingly, the emphasis on the new worldview implies changes in the scientists’ world view that is the reason the world gets unique. Then again, Kuhn’s words can be examined as rather figurative on the grounds that the difference in ideal models can't mean the adjustment on the planet structures, accordingly, the researcher regularly applies new logical standards to the marvels concentrated beforehand, however the world itself can't change for people and researchers. To examine and assess Kuhn’s words in detail, it is important to focus on the idea of the logical upset as the difference in ideal models. As per Kuhn, â€Å"scientific insurgencies are here taken to be those non-combined formative scenes in which a more established worldview is supplanted in entire or to some extent by an incongruent new one† (Curd, Cover, Pincock 2013, p. 79). These movements are run of the mill for the â€Å"normal science† in light of the fact that non-science doesn't work instruments essential for acknowledging such a move (Curd, Cover, Pincock 2013, p. 12). Despite the fact that the move of ideal models relates just to the logical world, it is an unrest which is comparable in its perspectives to any political upset (Curd, Cover, Pincock 2013, p. 80). On the off chance that the current worldview can't fulfill the scientists’ needs any more, the new worldview to react to the watched changes and procedures is created, and a sort of the logical emergency is watched, the transformation turns into the normal aftereffect of the referenced processes’ development.Advertising Looking for paper on theory? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Scientific insurgenc ies as the progressions of ideal models likewise lead to changes in the scientists’ view of the world and clarifications of its procedures, and it is conceivable to talk about the particular logical world examined by Kuhn. The progressive worldview generally creates with the assistance of instruments and jargon utilized inside the past worldview. Kuhn expresses that â€Å"paradigms give researchers a guide as well as with a portion of the bearings basic for map-making† (Curd, Cover, Pincock 2013, p. 92). In addition, â€Å"the gathering of another worldview regularly requires a redefinition of the relating science† (Curd, Cover, Pincock 2013, p. 87). Subsequently, items and instruments round the researcher can be changed or unaltered, yet the scientist’s view of this world adjusts fundamentally in light of the fact that the world dependent on new associations and saw from an alternate point of view likewise gets distinctive for the researcher (Curd, Cover , Pincock 2013, p. 87). Besides, dismissing a conventional worldview, a researcher can likewise dismiss a lot of inquiries which were significant with regards to the old worldview, however now the inquiries and issues which are critical to be examined are new just as the approaches to see the world and resolve these inquiries (Gower 1997, p. 245). The researcher needs to work inside an alternate logical existence where new inquiries are posed, new associations between objects are watched, and new methodologies are utilized to look at this world. The possibility of the diverse world is firmly connected with the possibility of the new world view which is trailed by the supporter of the new worldview. As per Kuhn, â€Å"the advocates of contending ideal models practice their exchanges distinctive worlds† in light of the fact that the researchers take a gander at logical inquiries through alternate point of view (Kuhn, refered to in Naugle 2002, p. 202). Disregarding the way that the researcher who understood the logical insurgency considered the to be as the supporter of the past worldview during an extensive stretch of time, the circumstance of the change in perspective makes this researcher see the world totally in an unexpected way, and the advertisers of the new worldview regularly can't discover the spot for them inside the customary hypothetical structure (Curd, Cover, Pincock 2013, p. 87). For this situation, it is conceivable to talk about the â€Å"displacement of the applied system through which researchers see the world† (Curd, Cover, Pincock 2013, p. 87). While clarifying these parts of the logical transformation, Kuhn alludes to the consequences of the change from Newtonian mechanics to Einsteinian mechanics which can show the issue unmistakably (Curd, Cover, Pincock 2013, p. 83). The new worldview furnishes researchers with the new focal point and new world view to work in the logical world. Kuhn’s way to deal with the impact of the new paradigm’s advancement on changing the world for researchers can likewise be assessed with references to Kuhn’s thought of incommensurability (Gower 1997, p. 245).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Role of Paradigms’ Changes explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Following the measure of incommensurability, it is conceivable to decipher the world and its procedures as indicated by various standards, and those researchers who follow different ideal models can be similarly right since they live and work inside completely various ideal models, therefore, these researchers work in various universes in light of the fact that the conditions round them create as per the laws of the solid worldview (Babich 2003, p. 78; Naugle 2002, p. 202). The rule of incommensurability is additionally used to clarify the theoretical changes followed by those researchers who need to work in an alternate world while applying new originat ions and speculations to the objects of the reality (Chins 1998, p. 38). Encountering the move in ideal models, researchers explore various universes, yet they additionally see these universes diversely on the grounds that now the devotees of the progressive worldview know the better approach for the world’s improvement. Notwithstanding, it is additionally conceivable to allude to the conclusion that Kuhn’s words about the scientists’ work in an alternate world are fairly figurative in light of the fact that the world doesn't change with the move to the new worldview, and researchers need to apply the recently created standards to the current marvels to clarify them with the emphasis on the new hypothetical structure. Subsequently, researchers remain to live in the recognizable world, yet they start to focus on their endeavors to clarify this world’s forms with the assistance of progressive speculations. That is the reason, Kuhn’s words about the à ¢â‚¬Å"different world† in which the researcher should work can be talked about as sensible just with the emphasis on the adherent of the progressive worldview and just with regards to the particular logical world which varies from the other people’ world as far as underlining the laws as per which the world wonders create (Curd Psillos 2008, p. 243). The issue of assessing Kuhn’s words is firmly connected with the possibility of separation between the customary comprehension of the idea of world and the thought of logical world. On the off chance that Kuhn’s words bring up a great deal of issues while concentrating on the world idea when all is said in done, Kuhn’s thought regarding the â€Å"different world† is by all accounts sensible while concentrating just on the particular logical existence where the difference in ideal models impacts the scientists’ impression of the entire world and its procedures. Regardless of the way that th ere are two potential points of view suitable to talk about and assess Kuhn’s words, it is pertinent to concentrate on Kuhn’s thought of the logical world’s presence as opposed to examining his words with references to the general effect of the change in perspective on the world’s development.Advertising Searching for paper on reasoning? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Hence, Kuhn centers around a researcher who is required to work in an alternate world after the circumstance of the change in outlook since this researcher acknowledges another vision of the world and its procedures, and this origination or the hypothetical system can change essentially from the worldview which was recently followed. Be that as it may, the difference in standards doesn't mean the outright substitution of one worldview by the other increasingly progressive vision of logical laws. Therefore, various researchers as the devotees of different standards are required to live and work inside various universes due to the adjustments on the planet perspectives or recognitions. Starting here, it is conceivable to infer that the logical unrest basically influences the route as per which the researcher can see and break down the world. In this way, the change in outlook is the difficult which is firmly connected with the possibility of the scientists�

Direct Democracy vs Representative Democracy Essay Example For Students

Direct Democracy versus Representative Democracy Essay Direct Democracy versus Representative DemocracyThe term Democracy is gotten from two Greek words, demos, meaningpeople, and kratos, which means rule. These two words structure the word majority rules system whichmeans rule by the individuals. Aristotle, and other antiquated Greek politicalphilosophers, utilized the expression, the governors are to be the administered, or as wehave come to know it, control and be managed thus. The two significant sorts of majority rule government are Representative Democracy and DirectDemocracy. Plainly the contentions for and against each type of vote based system areplentiful. Be that as it may, it is my conviction that hypothetically, Direct Democracy is thesuperior type of political principle. Because of issues with in the direct democraticsystem, its utilization as a reasonable type of government isn't even conceivable. Along these lines, all together for any type of vote based system to work, RepresentativeDemocracy is the prevalent type of political standard. We will compose a custom article on Direct Democracy versus Representative Democracy explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Jean Jacques Rousseau is considered by numerous individuals to be the Grandfather ofdirect the majority rule government theory.Rousseaus perfect society would be the place thecitizens were legitimately engaged with the making of the laws which are to governtheir lives. He kept up that, all residents should get together and decidewhat is best for the network and order the proper laws. Any law whichwas not straightforwardly made by the residents isn't substantial, and if those laws areimposed on individuals, that is equal to the individuals being subjugated. The residents of a general public must both create and comply with the supremedecision of the general will, which is the societys assurance of thecommon great. It isn't even conceivable that all residents will concur on what goodis. Rousseau perceived this and acknowledged a term of lion's share rule. Those whovoted against an arrangement which is seen as the best for the general, must havebeen considering individual additions, as opposed to the increases of the whole society. The element which recognizes direct vote based system from different structures ofgovernment is the possibility of understanding and the way to understanding is conversation. Itis difficult to agree without conversation, since it isn't rightto feel that everyone will have a similar assessment on all issues. In any case, it isvery conceivable, that through conversation an understanding could be reached by allmembers. Portrayal, then again permits a chosen few to makedecisions in their own wellbeing, which isn't really the best interestof the general public. Notwithstanding, direct vote based system isn't the ideal strategy to deliver a unionof the network. For an immediate vote based system to work, eye to eye communicationbetween all individuals from the network is required. The main way this is possibleis to meet in huge gatherings. Because of the dread of high pressure, numerous citizenswill pass on these huge gathering meeting. So all together for thesefearful individuals to voice their feelings they should get together in littler, lesstensions gatherings, where they are not as tentative to state as they wish to witness. An immediate popular government can just work in a little gathering, so as a type of governmentfor a whole network or nation, direct majority rules system would come up short. Asthe participation expands, individuals become less included. Once the membershipreaches the size of a nation, the interest despite everything exists, except is restricted toas low as it can go. Accordingly in a nation, any type of direct majority rules system is onlypossible in singular networks. All together for a council sufficiently little to work on direct democracyprinciples to have any power whatsoever, it must speak to an a lot bigger gathering. .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20 , .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20 .postImageUrl , .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20 , .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20:hover , .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20:visited , .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20:active { border:0!important; } .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20:active , .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20:hover { murkiness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u2996bed d0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u2996bedd0686982cb5cabf5f76300b20:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: A Land Far, Far Away EssayMembership in this bigger gathering is picked by political race, so the individuals still havea state in the decision procedure. Since the rulers are chosen by the individuals, therulers ought to speak to what the open needs. In this manner, out of direct majority rules system, isborn another type of government, the Representative Democracy. Delegate vote based system isn't vote based system in its most perfect structure. The mainargument against delegate popular government is that No one can speak to me. Imthe one in particular who recognizes what Im thinking and nobody else can speak to myviews. We have just learned it is likewise difficult to speak to yourself. Through portrayal, picked by the individuals, the expectation is that all individuals willbe sufficiently spoke to. While everybody may not get the entirety of their viewsrepresented constantly, agent vote based system ought to make a situationwhere the vast majority of the perspectives are spoken to. Direct majority rule government isn't unthinkable in all circumstances, yet all together forin to exist the accompanying two attributes must exist-The association mustbe nearby, (constrained in individuals) and the assessments of the individuals must be similarto one another. While these conditions are frequently found in a little organization,when taking a gander at a nation, these conditions are difficult to meet. In a blended society direct majority rule government would prompt insufficient management,unwanted wastefulness, and political shakiness. While In a representativedemocracy, the delegates depend on political trade off to determine conflicts,and create strategies that are adaptable enough to meet moving conditions. The once predominant Greek culture has gotten outdated and alongside itwent the expectation for an immediate vote based system arrangement of government. The direct democracytheory may have worked in the little Greek towns of 500BC, however in huge modernsocieties, it basically couldn't work. Which is the reason the agent democracywas began, which, while giving the resident less open door forparticipation, is unmistakably appropriate for rule in present day times Thus, plainly adirect vote based system is the main genuine type of majority rules system. Be that as it may, if majority rules system is tobe is utilized in a cutting edge society, it can not take its idealist structure. Reasoning

Argument Essay Topics - Extended Definition Essay Topics

Argument Essay Topics - Extended Definition Essay TopicsThe argument essay is a powerful tool to show how current events and other significant topics are connected. But if you're using an extended definition of the subject, you run the risk of making the problem longer than it needs to be. You could end up writing an essay that doesn't have the power it should have, because it's too lengthy.Be sure to include information about your audience's capabilities. Your topic might not be the most important in your particular audience. You need to know that before you can write about it effectively. Your audience's capabilities and skills need to be at the forefront of your argument essay.Once you've written a reasonable explanation of what you mean, be sure to explain what you mean in plain English. Make sure you really get the point. Use the same language you'll use in the conclusion to get the point across. The difference between an extended definition and a simpler explanation of your sta tement is that the simpler explanation is more true.In conclusion, make sure that your audience understands the points you're trying to make. Most people can understand the statements you're making but that doesn't mean they know what you're trying to say. They might not have the information needed to fully grasp what you're saying. So let them in on the meanings of the statements you're making. Give them easy ways to follow your explanation.Take a moment to reflect on your target audience. What do they want to get out of your topic? Determine their specific skill sets and talents and put that knowledge into your essay. When you work this way, you're able to create compelling, meaningful, and effective arguments.At the same time, don't forget to consider your audience. Who is it? Are they an audience for your topic? If so, do you intend to reach those individuals?The extended definition is a powerful tool in argument essay topics, but it is also a strong tool that can fall short. Do n't let your audience know everything, but don't hide the points you make either. Use your knowledge and experience to make sure your audience is made aware of your core point.And remember, this is a powerful tool when used properly in essay topics. But if you decide to use the extended definition, then make sure to use it properly.

What is an International Baccalaureate (IB) School

International Baccalaureate (IB) world schools are committed to active, creative cross-cultural education and allow the recipients of IB high school diplomas to study at universities worldwide. The goal of an IB education is to create responsible, socially conscious adults who use their cross-cultural education to promote world peace. IB schools have become increasingly popular in recent years, and there are more IB programs in public and private schools than ever before. The History of IB The IB diploma was developed by teachers at the International School of Geneva. These teachers created an educational program for students who moved internationally and who wanted to attend a university. The early program was concentrated on developing an educational program to prepare students for college or university and a set of exams that these students needed to pass to attend universities. Most of the early IB schools were private, but now half of the world’s IB schools are public. Arising from these early programs, the International Baccalaureate Organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, founded in 1968, oversees over 900,000 students in 140 countries. The United States has over 1,800 IB World Schools. The mission statement of the IB reads as follows: â€Å"The International Baccalaureate aims to develop inquiring, knowledgeable and caring young people who help to create a better and more peaceful world through intercultural understanding and respect.† The  IB Programs The primary years program, for children ages 3-12, helps children develop methods of inquiry so that they are able to ask questions and think critically.The middle years program, from ages 12 to 16, helps children make connections between themselves and the greater world.The diploma program (read more below)  for students ages 16-19 prepares students for university studies and for a meaningful life beyond the university.The career-related program applies the principles of IB to students who wish to pursue career-related study.   IB schools are notable for how much of the work in the classroom comes from the interests and questions of the students. Unlike in a traditional classroom, in which teachers design the lessons, children in an IB classroom help direct their own learning by asking questions that might re-direct the lesson. While the students don’t have total control over the classroom, they help contribute to a dialogue with their teachers from which the lessons develop. In addition, IB classrooms are usually trans-disciplinary in nature, meaning that subjects are taught in many different areas. Students may learn about dinosaurs in science and draw them in art class, for example. In addition, the cross-cultural component of IB schools means that students study other cultures and a second or even third language, often working to the point of fluency in the second language. Many subjects are taught in the second language, as teaching in a foreign language requires students not only to learn that language but also to often shift the way they think about the subject. The Diploma Programme The requirements to earn an IB diploma are stringent. Students must compose an extended essay of approximately 4,000 words that requires a good deal of research, using the critical-thinking and inquiry-based skills that the program stresses from the primary years. The program also emphasizes creativity, action, and service, and students must complete requirements in all these areas, including community service. Students are encouraged to think critically about how they acquire knowledge and evaluate the quality of the information they receive. Many schools are full IB, meaning all students participate in the rigorous academic program, while other schools offer students the option of enrolling as a full IB diploma candidate or, they can simply take a selection of IB courses and not the full IB curriculum. This partial participation in the program gives students  a taste of the IB program but does not make them eligible for the IB diploma. In recent years, IB programs have grown  in the United States. Students and parents are attracted to the international nature of these programs and their solid preparation for students to exist in a global world. Increasingly, students must possess an education in which cross-cultural understanding and language skills are valued and enhanced. In addition, experts have cited the high quality of IB programs, and the programs are lauded for their quality control and the commitment of their students and teachers. Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski

Essay For Bursary Free Essay Example, 1000 words

My class performance has continually worsened over the years mainly because I always prefer to concentrate on accomplishing employment tasks. Normally, having excellent performance at work has enhanced my job security and continued income. However, excellent employment performance has existed at the expense of my educational brilliance. Obtaining the bursary would enable me to pay my tuition fees and adequately find more time to concentrate on studies. I believe in my potential to perform brilliantly if I pay my school fees in time and have adequate studies time. In addition, I would have enough time to attend classes, concentrate in class and diligently accomplish assignments. Though I have managed to secure employment in the past, part-time jobs have become difficult to find because many employers prefer permanent employees. Lack of constant employment has resulted into financial struggles, as I am not currently able to pay adequately my tuition fees. Sometimes I luckily secure temporarily employment and have to struggle looking for new employers. Searching for new employment besides being a struggle normally consume most of my studies time and consequently affect performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay For Bursary or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Moreover, the social stigma of working and studying at the same time has greatly affected my educational performance. Despite the struggles of finding employment, working, and concentrating on studies, I have managed to maintain hard work with hope for financial and educational success in the future. Besides employment struggles, I also face financial constraints in relation to transport charges. I commute daily using public transport to school, an activity that requires constant financial availability. With the constant inflation in public transport prices, I find it difficult to attend classes on a daily basis. Moreover, I sometimes have to forgo imperative classes when lacking enough transport charges. Missing classes has greatly affected my class overall performance. Challenges The world economy is experiencing significant financial meltdown and inflation. As a student, I face challenges the economy poses as any other citizen around the world. Personally, I cannot receive any line of credit because I do not have an eligible full-time employment. Inability to receive line of credit has been the primary challenge to me as a post-secondary education student. I believe that the bursary would greatly assist me in supporting my needs without depending on line credits. Balancing school workload and working part-time has been a challenge.

The Case Of Brown V. Board Of Education Of Topeka

In 1954, The United States Supreme Court made a landmark decision with its ruling in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. The ruling was a monumental one for multiple reasons. Firstly, it was a major step in the Civil Rights Movement as it ended the legal use of â€Å"separate but equal† facilities, under the ruling that this violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause. It gave African-Americans access to better schools, and also gave them a greater sense of dignity as they no longer could be legally forced to drink from different fountains or sit in separate sections. Another aspect of the decision that makes it so significant is the fact that it did the rare task of overturning a previous Supreme Court decision,†¦show more content†¦He believed that in order to understand law, one must first realize what law’s purpose is. He, like Thomas, argued that law’s purpose it to benefit society by creating a morally sound or der to human action and conduct. He detailed seven goods that he believed to be intrinsic and universal, and argued that laws should be enforced under the stipulation that they adhere to the enhancement of these goods, because they are what determines a fulfilling life. They are: life, knowledge, play, aesthetic experience, sociability, practical reasonableness, and religion. The goods that relate to the thesis of this paper the most are knowledge and sociability, as the result of the case has a direct benefit on them and is, therefore, moral and legitimate. Legal positivists, however, disagree that morality has any place in determining what legitimate law is. H. L. A. Hart based much of his theory on the previous legal positivist John Austin’s work. Austin believed that laws obtain their legitimacy from the recognition of a society’s members in the authority of their unruled ruler. This unruled entity that enforces laws with the backing of sanctions, is what Austin te rms the ‘sovereign.’ He believed that in order for a sovereign to exist it had to be habitually complied with by those it governs. What separates Austin’s theory from natural law theories is that he did not believe that laws had to be created or followed on the basis of morality. According to Austin’sShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of Oliver Brown V. The Board Of Education Of Topeka1991 Words   |  8 PagesThe question that this historical investigation and sources will be seeking to answer is: To what extent did the case of Oliver Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas further the progress of the civil rights movement in search of African-American equality? The first source being evaluated is â€Å"The Brown Decision: Its Long Anticipation and Lasting Influence.† This academic journal article originates from the Journal of Southern History, and is written by Linda Reed, an associate professorRead MoreBrown vs Board of Education600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Brown vs Board of Education as a major turning point in African American. Brown vs Board of Education was arguably the most important cases that impacted the African Americans and the white society because it brought a whole new perspective on whether â€Å"separate but equal† was really equal. The Brown vs Board of Education was made up of five different cases regarding school segregation. â€Å"While the facts of each case are different, the main issue in each was the constitutionality of state-sponsoredRead MoreOutline Of A Speech On History And Education846 Words   |  4 PagesSegregation in Education General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about one of the most notorious eras in politics and education. Thesis: â€Å"Brown V. The Board of Education of Topeka† and its reversal of the decision of â€Å"Plessy V. Ferguson† and the â€Å"Separate but Equal clause† is one of the most monumental, and impactful decision ever made. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: B. Thurgood Marshall was responsible for rearguing the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case andRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education830 Words   |  4 PagesBrown v. Board of Education The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case is a well-known case that went to the Incomparable Court for racial reasons with the leading body of training. The case was really the name given to five separate cases that were heard by the U.S. Preeminent Court concerning the issue of isolation in state funded schools. These cases were Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Briggs v. Elliot, Davis v. Board of Education of Prince Edward County (VA.), Boiling v. Sharpe,Read MoreBrown V. The Board Of Education1136 Words   |  5 PagesBrown v. The Board of Education Topeka, Kansas, 1950, a young African-American girl named Linda Brown had to walk a mile to get to her school, crossing a railroad switchyard. She lived seven blocks from an all white school. Linda’s father, Oliver, tried to enroll her into the all white school. The school denied her because of the color of her skin. Segregation was widespread throughout our nation. Blacks believed that the â€Å"separate but equal† saying was false. They felt that whites had more educationalRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education Of Topeka1634 Words   |  7 PagesBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, insofar as it applied to public education. Handed down on May 17, 1954, the Warren Cou rt s unanimous (9–0) decision stated that separate educational facilitiesRead MoreBrown vs. Board of Education: Case Study1745 Words   |  7 PagesBefore Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was taken to the Supreme Court, the ruling in earlier Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson stood. Plessy v. Ferguson established the separate but equal doctrine, which pervaded nearly every aspect of American life. One of the realms that Plessy v Ferguson expressly applied to was the area of public schools. Public schools in America could be racially segregated, based on the assumption that African-American schools were equal to their white counterpartsRead MoreThe Court Case that Changed the World: Brown v. Board of Education1078 Words   |  5 PagesBrown v. Board of Education is a story of triumph over a society where separating races simply based on appearances was the law. It is a story of two little girls who has to walk through a railroad switchyard in Topeka, Kansas in 1950 just to attend school. With lunch bags and backpacks in hand, they make their way to the black bus stop which is a distance of the tracks. They have to walk this distance, pass the buses filled with white children because they are unable to attend the nearby whiteRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education 347 Us 4831438 Words   |  6 PagesBrown v. Board of Education 347 US 483 (1954) Jim Crow Laws As society changes, laws change as well to keep up with changes in some cases, the law are for the better of the majority, however, there have been several laws that have been enacted to impose inequality. On May 17, 1954, the United States Supreme Court handed down its ruling in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. Education of Topeka that Racial education of Topeka that racial segregation in public schoolsRead MorePlessy vs Ferguson678 Words   |  3 PagesPlessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. the Topeka Board of Education In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson the Supreme Court decided that having †separate but equal† accommodations for Whites and Colored did not violate the 14th Amendment (Wolff, 1997). This allowed states to continue segregation as they saw fit. The Plessy v. Ferguson case was centered on the segregation of railroad cars but the final ruling supported that all â€Å"separate but equal† accommodations were allowed by the constitution and was

Risk Management Issues In Project Planning

Question: Discuss about theRisk Management Issues In Project Planning. Answer: Project Context In recent times with rapidly changing business environment, project management has gained importance in every organization whether small, medium or large (Atkinson et al., 2006). This is mainly because of the benefits reaped from successful project management. Project Management proves to be beneficial for the business organizations to achieve maximum return by using minimum resources i.e. it helps in achieving cost efficiency and enhances the productivity of the employees by driving them towards working in a team (Larson Gray, 2011). In the present competitive business environment, an organization can succeed only if it adopts creativity and innovation and both these aspects are ensured by project management (Shenhar Dvir, 2007). Project management helps in completing the work systematically since in project management, everything is done in a proper sequence starting from setting of the goals and objectives to implementation of strategies for successful achievement of the project goals (Meredith Mantel, 2011). Thus Project Management has emerged as an attractive profession. Moreover, project Management has emerged as one of the prestigious professions in competitive market and this is because project management is more challenging and it enhances the learning of the individuals exponentially and acquiring experience by solving critical issues pertaining to the various requirements of different projects (Crawford et al., 2006). An individual who recognizes himself as a good problem solver and is ready to take the challenges upfront then, the profession of Project Management is best suitable for him or her (Meredith et al., 2013). Moreover, the Project Management as a profession demands good attitude towards work, good level acceptability and huge patience (Madter et al., 2012). In addition, it is also the fact that overall money matters and Project Management as a profession fetches an individual with starting remuneration between S20,000 to $35,000 on the basis of the industry norms. So, with respect to earnings an individual as a Project Manager can fi nd himself on good edge that can solve all his financial requirements and it also provides individual with the opportunity of leading a lavish life and various other benefits (Holzle, 2010). In order to become a professional Project Manager, it becomes important on the part of the individual to exhibit a broad a range of talents to bring teams together and assist the organization in reaching its goals. Thus there are various skills and knowledge required to become a professional Project Manager: Vision A professional project manager should possess a clear vision of where to go and the ability to articulate the same. Communication Professional Project Manager should possess effective communication skills to communicate the goals, performance, responsibility, feedback and expectations. He should also possess the desired negotiation and persuasive skills to ensure the success of the team (Brill et al., 2006). Integrity A professional Project Manager is responsible for setting ethical standards for the team and thus he should be characterized with honesty, loyalty and integrity. Enthusiasm and Passion The Project Manager should possess a can do attitude. He should be enthusiastic to remain committed to the goals and express the commitment through optimism (Thomas Mengel, 2008). Empathy and Compassion Project Manager should understand that team members have life outside the workplace and the individuals are not machines without emotions. So, considering these aspects, he would be able to develop personal relationship with the team members necessary for achieving better results (McManus, 2006). Competence The Project Manager should be competent in context to both the soft skills and technical skills. He should possess the ability to challenge, lead inspire, enable, model and encourage the team members. Moreover, he should also be aware of the technical know of the details of the project he or she is handling. Delegation The Project Manager should possess the ability to delegate and so he should be able recognize the expertise and skills of the team members and assign the tasks accordingly. Composure It is important for the Project Manager to remain composed and maintain his cool irrespective of the level of pressure. Team Building The Project Manager should be a good team builder and he should be able to maintain a sense of team spirit despite of the problems in project execution. Problem Solving The Project Manager should possess the ability of solving problems, may it be with the team or with the project itself. This would help in developing a sense of trust among the team members that the Project Manager can solve their problems (Middlewood and Abbott, 2012). However, Project Manager should involve the team in problem solving. Risk Management The skills required by the Professional Project Manager have undergone significant changes over the years. The technological advancements have led to increased uncertainty and thus risks associated with the project cannot be controlled by developing detailed project plans (Ferraro, 2008). Thus a successful Project manager emphasizes upon learning to adapt to the changes rather than making attempts to eliminate the risks. Project Proposal Working Title: Risk Management Issues in Project Planning Background and Definition of the Issue The studies conducted by (De Bakker et al., 2010) has revealed that a project generals fails when the plan is not met i.e. the project exceeds the timeline, overspends the budget or underperforms expectations. So, it can be said that the project tends to fail when the plan is too optimistic i.e. when costs and actions are forced for achieving the predetermined targets and when the external events influences the project plan i.e. lack of sufficient resources, unanticipated work and extraordinary events (Olsson, 2008). So, this leads to the necessity of risk assessment techniques for obtaining more realistic estimates that can lead to more attainable plan. This helps the project to be more likely towards meeting its forecasts and avoid disappointments. Risk Management emphasizes upon disclosing the sensitivity of the project to the participants and thus ensures the fact that all the threats are fully understood (Bannerman, 2008). This in turn leads to setting the targets and contingenc ies at correct levels, negotiating the contracts with accurate understanding of the potential challenges and provide opportunities for developing the risk mitigation strategies in advance (Kendrick, 2015). So, on the basis of the above aspects, it can be said that risk and uncertainty if not managed efficiently can lead to damaging consequences and this is the reason why risk analysis and management is an important aspect in project manager for achieving success. This, in turn makes it necessary on the part of the project managers to possess the right knowledge and experience in context to risk analysis and management. Thus, taking into consideration the above aspects, the researcher in the present study would emphasize upon analyzing the importance of risk management and identifying the risk management issues in project planning. Research Rationale Analysis has revealed that the success rate of the projects is very low globally and this evident from the fact that globally only 64% of the projects meet their goals. Moreover, around 70% of the companies report that at least one of their projects have failed in the year 2013 and this has resulted in a loss of around $109 million for every $1 billion they have invested in their projects (projectmanagementworks, 2014). Other statistics reveal that where high performing organizations are characterized with a success rate of 89%, the low performers are characterized with a success rate of mere 36%. The analysis of the major realisms behind the failure of the projects revealed that undefined risks are responsible for 30% of the project failures (projectmanagementworks, 2014). So, these figures clearly highlight the importance of risk management in project management. So, the above aspects motivated the researcher to undertake the study to analyze the importance of risk management and identify the risk management issues in project planning. Research Aim and Objectives The researcher in the present study would strive towards analyzing the importance of risk management issues in project planning together with analyzing the importance of risk management in project management and thus the entire study would be observed to revolving around the following research objectives: To analyze the risks that project managers attend to while managing the project. To analyze the risk management practices that project managers employ while managing the project. To investigate the risk management strategies employed by the project manager while managing the project. Literature Review The studies conducted by Hillson, (2006) has revealed that there are various concepts like explicit opportunity management, the uncertainty management paradigm, a constructively simple approach to evaluation and interpretation of estimates, risk attitude and complexity theory concepts that are important for improving the management of risk and uncertainty in a complex project environment. Moreover, the studies conducted by Olsson, (2007)put forward the fact that the probability based risk management theory does not provide explanation to the important aspects of the observed project management practice and the assumptions of the probability based approach exhibits limited applicability. Analysis of the available literature revealed that there exist very limited evidence where the literature is mainly focused upon the importance of risk management in project management and risk management issues in project management (Hillson Murray-Webster, 2008). So, this can be looked upon to be a research gap especially in context to the uncertainty and risk management practices on the part of the project manager in relation to the complexity of the project. Moreover, studies conducted by Zhang, (2011) has emphasized upon facilitating the project managers with advices in context to the ways in which they can manage the risks involved in the project rather an assessing the relative effectiveness of the advices. Thus, with increased number of project failure together with increasing complexities in the project and inadequate risk and uncertainty management practices creates the need to analyze the risk management strategies and practices that are efficient in managing the risks involved in the project. Research Process The researcher in the present study would strive towards collecting the secondary data from both the online and offline sources. The online sources would include the peer reviewed articles, early researches and journals published online (Zikmund et al., 2013). Various articles relevant to the undertaken study would be searched with the help of Google Search Engine and would be reviewed manually by reviewing the abstract, title and list of references to decide upon where to include the article or journal into study or not. The inclusion criteria would include studies providing details of risk management in project management, studies published within a time a frame of 2006 to 2016 and the studies published in English language. The sleeted articles for the study would be analyzed and interpreted to analyze the alignment that exist between the available literature and the findings that would determine the success of the study (Blumberg et al., 2014). Major Millstones of the Project: Gantt Chart Main Activities/ Stages Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Topic selection and its scope Identification of secondary data sources Preparation of research proposal Preparation of literature review Description of research methodology Preparing ethics form Analysing data Comparing findings Conclusion and recommendations Finalising and submission Conclusion The study would prove to be beneficial on the part of the researcher to gain the required knowledge to become a professional in Project Manager that would assist him in handling projects at work in future. References Atkinson, R., Crawford, L., Ward, S. (2006). Fundamental uncertainties in projects and the scope of project management.International journal of project management,24(8), 687-698. Bannerman, P. L. (2008). Risk and risk management in software projects: A reassessment.Journal of Systems and Software,81(12), 2118-2133. Blumberg, B. F., Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S. (2014).Business research methods. McGraw-hill education. Brill, J. M., Bishop, M. J., Walker, A. E. (2006). The competencies and characteristics required of an effective project manager: A web-based Delphi study.Educational technology research and development,54(2), 115-140. Crawford, L., Pollack, J., England, D. (2006). Uncovering the trends in project management: Journal emphases over the last 10 years.International journal of project management,24(2), 175-184. De Bakker, K., Boonstra, A., Wortmann, H. (2010). Does risk management contribute to IT project success? A meta-analysis of empirical evidence.International Journal of Project Management,28(5), 493-503. Ferraro, J. (2008). The strategic project leader. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach Publications. Hillson, D. (2006). Extending the risk process to manage opportunities. International Journal of Project Management, 20, 235-240. Hillson, D., Murray-Webster, R. (2008). Managing group risk attitude (pp. 190). Burlington, USA: Ashgate Publishing. Hlzle, K. (2010). Designing and implementing a career path for project managers.International Journal of Project Management,28(8), 779-786. Kendrick, T. (2015).Identifying and managing project risk: essential tools for failure-proofing your project. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. F. (2011). Project management: The managerial process. Madter, N., Bower, D. A., Aritua, B. (2012). Projects and personalities: A framework for individualising project management career development in the construction industry.International Journal of Project Management,30(3), 273-281. McManus, J. (2006). Leadership. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J. (2011).Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons. Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J., Shafer, S. M. (2013).Project management in practice. Wiley Global Education. Middlewood, D. and Abbott, I. (2012). Achieving success with your leadership project. Los Angeles: Sage. Olsson, R. (2007). In search of opportunity : Is the risk management process enough? International Journal of Project Management, 25(8), 745-752. Olsson, R. (2008). Risk management in a multi-project environment: An approach to manage portfolio risks.International journal of quality reliability management,25(1), 60-71. projectmanagementworks. (2014).Project Failure Statistics: The Shocking Truth. [online] Retrieved from: https://projectmanagementworks.com/project-failure-statistics/. Shenhar, A. J., Dvir, D. (2007).Reinventing project management: the diamond approach to successful growth and innovation. Harvard Business Review Press. Thomas, J., Mengel, T. (2008). Preparing project managers to deal with complexityAdvanced project management education.International Journal of Project Management,26(3), 304-315. Zhang, H. (2011). Two schools of risk analysis : A review of past research on project risk. Project Management Journal, 42(4), 5-18. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013).Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Essay Example

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Essay Texting and driving is one of the most debated topics in society. Whether it affects all people or whether or not youre Just good at multi tasking. Yet, all people would come to the agreement that it is one the most dangerous activities to participate in and ends millions of lives yearly. Drivers and Legislators Dismiss Cellphone Risks published in New York Times by Matt Richtel and LOL? Texting While Driving Is No Laughing Matter: Proposing a Coordinated Response to Curb this Dangerous Activity by Alexis M. Farris are two articles that present variations of ethos, pathos, and logos nd make identical arguments claiming that texting and driving is not only dangerous but is shaping the way Americans live. Both articles illustrate several accounts on the dangers of texting and driving and how the activity could potentially be stopped proving both articles to be well accounted for. While Matt Richtel and Alexis. M. Farris both reach the conclusion that texting while driving has a negative impact on people, Farris article is far deeper and less biased then Richtels who relies more on personal inference rather than factual evidence. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Matt Richtel begins his article Drivers and Legislators Dismiss Cellphone risks ith a personal account of a young man getting his first car and within the first couple of months of driving ending anothers life because of texting and driving. Richtel, conveys the dangers of texting and driving through interviews with teenagers and adults. Richtels use of this technique in writing makes his article personal and rather informal and directed to a more general public audience by interviewing people who are guilty of texting and driving making the situation more relatable. People such as Tad Jones who is the floor leader in the Oklahoma house who stated Im on the phone from when I leave the Capitol to when I get home, and thats a two hour drive, a lot of people who travel are used to using the phone (Richtel, 2). Ricthels main focus is the issue with people not understanding or caring about the dangers of texting and driving. Richtel makes decent claims and produces data and surveys that should open the eyes toa general audience such as 81 percent of cellphone users acknowledged that they talk on phones while driving and 98 percent considered themselves safe drivers (Richtel, 3). Richtel uses real life situations and eople to persuade the audience into realizing the severity of texting and driving and utilizes the information he has in way that interests the audience to want to know more about the topic at hand. Alexis M. Farriss article LOL? Texting While Driving is No Laughing Matter: Proposing a Coordinated Response to Curb Dangerous Activity introduces the audience with information about the increasing number of wireless cellphone users a long with increasing number of text messages that are sent every year (Farris, 237). Farris main goal in her article is to make the audience aware of the statistics and esearch that proves texting and driving to be extremely dangerous and to propose a solution that could help end distracted driving. Farris introduces the audience with statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration revealing the 20 percent of all car crash fatalities in 2009 were someway involved in distracted driving targeted toward a more academic audience such as researchers and scholars. In Farris article she addresses the Government and legislatures stating that Congress should utilize its Commerce Clause and essentially force the States to legislate the area of texting while driving (Farris, 251). She also goes on to lay out and explain the Bills and Laws that have been sent to Congress multiple times that ban using a cell phone while driving yet Farris claims that Congress has not acted (Farris, 254). Farris logic in her claims are supported well and she illustrates many compelling facts that prove the dangers of texting while driving to be accurate. Matt Richtels and Alexis Farris articles discuss the same issue and ultimately have the same end in mind on what to do about texting and driving. However, the information and credibility presented in each article is different. Matt Richtel, a journalist for New York Times presents many facts about texting while driving a long with the multiple interviews with people sharing their personal opinions, experiences and views about the issue and although the interviews and facts he presents are interesting they do not prove to be credible. Richtel fails to provide any sources for any of his research and seems biased in some of his claims in his article and completely lacking ethos. For example, Richtel presented a set of data that illustrated the number of cellphone distractions that caused deaths every year and went on to ay that Americans have largely ignored the research and that there is a large disconnect between perception and reality that is worsening the problem claiming that drivers overestimate their own ability to safely multitask (Richtel, 1). Texting and driving is a difficult topic to be unbiased about but Richtels claims make it seem that he is basing his opinions off of research and not experience. Whereas, Alexis Farris article consists of constant research and data supported by multiple transportation administrations and content pulled from bills stating rules about texting and driving (Farris, 252). Alex Farris obtained her Jurius Doctor degree from the Washington School of Law making her fully equipped to research the legal matters regarding distracted driving. Although Farris does state that Congress should step up and pass a bill ending texting and driving and propose ideas in order for it to subside, she backs up her claims with research and also attempts to see both sides of the issue with banning texting and driving. For example, Alexis stated that maybe the reason this happens is because people are so used to checking their emails and sending text messages all the time. Farris claims Drivers feel that they can support egislation banning texting while driving and yet still text themselves because, when it comes to texting while driving, they minimize the dangers of their own actions (Farris, 246). Farris attempts to see the reasoning behind why people continue to text and drive without blindly making a statement and once her evidence is Justified, she states her claim again tying herself back into her main points while using the right amount of ethos throughout the article. Matt Richtels use of pathos throughout Drivers and Legislators Dismiss Cellphone Risks is what makes the audience keep reading. By using personal interviews about individuals experiences the article seems much more applicable to the audience. Richtel interviewed a man who plead guilty to negligent homicide for the death of a woman he hit while he was distracted at the wheel of car. The man he interviewed told Richtel l hope they dont communicated to his audience through their emotions and made his article personal and relatable by using language that the audience could understand and connect with. In Alexis Farris article LOL? Texting while Driving is No Laughing Matter: Proposing a Coordinated Response to Curb Dangerous Activity provided no motional appeal whatsoever. Farris focused on the business side of texting while driving rather than diving into the audiences emotions. Since the audience is mainly targeted towards scholars and researchers the terms used are complex and a lot more technical than Richtels article. For example, Farris refers to the federal government and legislation multiple times throughout her article and discusses laws and policy of transportation in detail (Farris, 254). Although Alexis Farris pathos was not as present in her writings she targets the audience she intended to and does not et caught up in the emotions of the topic and base her article solely on emotional experience. Matt Richtels and Alexis Farris articles both illustrated key points in the controversial issue of texting while driving. While Drivers and Legislators Dismiss Cellphone Risks had a strong sense of pathos through emotional connection it lacked research and evidence to back up Richtels arguments and claims, causing the article to seem one-dimensional. LOL? Texting while Driving is No Laughing Matter: Proposing a Coordinated Response exemplified ethos and logos and while it did not resent the strongest pathos, Farris was confident in her claims and arguments about texting while driving enabling the article to stand on its own. Works Cited Farris, Alexis M. I. LOL? Texting While Driving Is No Laughing Matter: Proposing A Coordinated Response To Curb This Dangerous Activity. Washington University Journal Of Law Policy 36. (2011): 233-259. Index to Legal Periodicals Books Full Text (H. W. Wilson). Web. 14 Nov. 2013. Richtel, Matt. Drivers and Legislators Dismiss Cellphone Risks. Www. nytimes. com. New York Times, 19 June 2009. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.

Critical Review of Fichtenaus Charlemagne Essay Example

Critical Review of Fichtenaus Charlemagne Essay Example Critical Review of Fichtenaus Charlemagne Essay Critical Review of Fichtenaus Charlemagne Essay Critical Review of Fichtenau’s The Carolingian Empire: The Age of Charlemagne This is an analytical book review of Heinrich Fichtenau’s The Carolingian Empire: The Age of Charlemagne. It will cover the Fichtenau’s writing techniques and sources he used in developing this fascinating book. Thesis: To better understand the significance of Charles the Great, one must first comprehend the unfortunate features challenging Charles during the Carolingian period. This was a quality intention for Fichtenau because historians have struggled with the legend of Charlemagne. It is hard to distinguish his celebrity myths from the factual truth. Content: Fichtenau created an enchanting overview of the social, economic, political, and religious problems that faced Charles the Great. The author tried to remove the legendary side of Charles and reveal his human side. â€Å"No man’s stature is increased by the accumulation of myths, and nothing is detracted from genuine historical greatness by the consideration of a man’s purely human side† (Fichtenau, p. 25). He focuses not only on Charlemagne, but also on the human affairs confronting the people of the Carolingian Empire. Fichtenau also takes an in-depth look at the various classes of people within the empire. He examines the scholars of the empire and their effect on how Charlemagne is portrayed in their works. Although seen as propagandists, Fichtenau commends the scholars for their contributions (Ficthenau, p. 103). Also, he scrutinizes the large, growing gap between the rich and the poor of the empire. The ruling class became overwhelmed with a lust for power and wealth (Fichtenau, p. 112). The author additionally tackles the issue of Christianity in the kingdom. Charles basically forced his subjects into Christianity. This meant they supported Christianity, but not with sincerity (Fichtenau, p. 143). Fichtenau sees the time of peace in the Frankish kingdom as more of a mirage or lull period, as opposed to actual tranquility. He describes the era as successful in comparison to the later generations, but still full inequality (Fichtenau, p. 155). Charlemagne did however bring unity and order to the Frankish kingdom. His leadership and rule would factor into the future development of Europe. Sources: Fichtenau uses mainly primary but also a good share of secondary sources in this book. It was surprising he used any secondary sources because in the preface, the translator points out how great number of secondary sources about Charlemagne have conflicting views (Fichtenau, xi). Writers put their own interpretations within their works. Fichtenau’s repeated use of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica works is an example of his application of primary source material. These compiled manuscripts and other documents hold substantial historical value, which Ficthenau utilizes superbly. One example is when he refers the reader to a poem in the MGH about the blessing of a church. By using more primary sources, Fichtenau establishes more credibility with the reader. The sources are hard proof and not facts from a secondary source that we have no knowledge of. Deciphering the Fichtenau’s usage of secondary sources was hard because my book lists all the footnotes in German. However, I was able to tell that he did consult works by other authors. The citations included some sort of title, author, possibly a publisher, and also a page number. Based on the context, it appears that he only uses secondary sources when discussing broader or sometimes foreign topics. For example, he uses L. Thorndike’s, A History of Magic and Experimental Science when discussing astrology in the kingdom (Fichtenau, p. 151). The basis of Fichtenau’s work is derived mainly from primary sources. This produces a sense of trust and believability in his work. Methodology: As stated above, Fichtenau assembled almost all of his information from the MGH and historical script. The overall structure of The Carolingian Empire is fractured. Fichtenau introduces the empire and Charles the Great in the beginning. He then changes course and discusses the people of the empire. There is no real chronological feel to the writing. He does get back to Charlemagne’s story towards the end of book, but by that point any sense of a timeline of the empire or Charlemagne’s life is lost. Fichtenau puts his own personal inferences into his writing. For example, when covering the topic of how Charlemagne accumulated his wealth, Fichtenau describes his military expeditions as â€Å"wars of aggression. Also, he states that there was â€Å"military, political, and religious motives† behind Charlemagne’s work. There is no script or source to back these claims up and therefore appear to simply by the opinion of the author’s. In J. M. Wallace-Hadrill’s review of the book, he was upset that Peter Munz left out the chapter on the Carolingian Empire after Charlemagne’s death (Wallace-Hadrill). Th is would have changed the structure of the book and added to chronological story. Writing and Graphics: Graphic illustrations are lacking in The Carolingian Empire. The abbot’s house†¦burnt down and the abbot himself was killed by the flames in an attempt to salvage his property† (Ficthtenau, p. 152). This is a great example of a place where the author could have placed a few descriptive or emotional words to help paint a better picture. The only place I found satisfactory description was in the illustration of Charles’s physique. â€Å"†¦a thick, short-set neck, and a protruding paunch† (Fichtenau, p. 26). My favorite was his â€Å"large, vivacious eyes† (Fichtenau, p. 6). It is worth noting however that these were not Fichtenau’s words, but those of the biographer Einhard. It felt as if I was reading a history book as opposed to a novel. Not once was I drawn into any sort of story by Fichtenau’s writing technique. I think t he intended audience for this work was the college-educated public. There is some background information needed to understand the writing, and therefore a person of the general public would not be able to comprehend this work. Fichtenau’s comparison between the Byzantine Empire and the Frankish Empire would not communicate well to some one the general public who had no knowledge of the Byzantians. When Clovis is discussed in the introduction, I was able to understand the reference because I am college-educated and have learned about Clovis (Fichtenau, p. 2-3). The book is not at historian level for the exact same reasons. The conversation and language was not over my head. I was able to follow the author’s points and not get lost in complicated words or explanations. The Carolingian Empire is an appreciable introductory piece to Charlemagne and his empire. It is full of facts and historical references, but falls short when trying to portray the image of the kingdom graphically to the reader. Bibliography Fichtenau, Heinrich. The Carolingian Empire: The Age of Charlemagne. Trans. Peter Munz. Toronto: University of Toronto in Association with the Medieval Academy of America, 2000. Print. Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. Rev. of The Carolingian Empire by Heinrich Fichtenau. The English Historical Review 73 (1958): 342. JSTOR. Web. 3 Nov. 2010.

Rotana Hotels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rotana Hotels - Essay Example By understanding the direction the business is to take long-term, it can make decisions that always lead to goal attainment. Rotana’s stated goals of increasing the number of Hotels to 100 within a specific time period shows that the business understands how to develop strategy properly. The goals as they are written give Rotana focus and give the chain a sense of purpose about what direction to take moving forward. By setting two to three years as the basis of expansion, it gives the organization a very clear time-frame regarding what efforts need to be undertaken to get there. In some ways, this can be considered part of the vision as it gives everyone in the organization a sense of direction and know where the business is trying to head. As to whether they meet the criteria of well-written goals, the answer would have to be no. Well-written goals have specific accomplishments listed about the long-term strategy. They should include objectives on how the business intends to succeed all the way through the entire management process from planning, to organizing, to leading and controlling. This is just a broad goal without specific strategies listed. â€Å"To be the Leading Hospitality Management Company within the Middle East and Africa operating a comprehensive range of products and brands that aim to meet all the requirements of our guests† (Rotana, 2011, p.1). organization is actually in business and what is it trying to achieve as well as where it wants to go in the long-term. It tells that it is a customer-focused business that devotes most of its efforts into marketing and guest services. Like most visions should, it should motivate Rotana workers to achieve the goals of providing these guest services and inspire innovators in the company to develop new product variety. Rotana’s values are founded on its LIFE principles, which are long-term, innovation, friendly and ethical.

Small Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Small Business - Assignment Example Because of the failure South African economy has lost more than R68 million over the period of 1997 to 2000. A study also in Canada shows that 68 % of small and medium enterprises with fewer than five employees, failed within five years. The reason for failure of businesses includes the following areas of concern: The above reason will be our focus in making the business plan for a period picture framing and small craft workshop for furniture. Creating a business plan is essential for small business to be able to develop a path for a strong business. Our business plan for picture and framing woodcraft furniture includes the capital, market selection and business and management skills. Our marketing report shows that since we are producing a furniture and picture frame at not so low price, therefore we are offering our furniture to those whose accept the fact that it is hard to produce a very low price furniture with quality. We are marketing our product to high and medium class people of Kent as well as throughout London. As described in our marketing report and analysis a proper strategy will be implemented to market the furniture. Working capital is important in starting a small business. From here you will be able to start your business by selecting materials which are cheaper but of quality. The company wants to develop a quality furniture for our customer but it has an inadequate working capital. This may cause a failure of the business if we were not able to manage the cash well. Small business failure can inevitably be related to poor or careless financial management (Berryman, 1983; Peacock, 1985). Businesses can increase their capital by looking for a material which would not cost them a lot, or by looking for a lending company with a low interest to be able to have enough capital for the business. The advantage of these actions is that it is beneficial to the company since they have an additional capital but it could be a disaster if they were not able to manage their capital well. Other encourages small businesses owner-managers to install and use accounting information systems (McMahon and Holmes, 1 991). Breen and Sciulli (2002) report that, in order to reduce the cost burden on small business, a number of mechanisms were put in place.. All of this was to encourage small business to utilize computerized technology. However to be able to use the computerized technology proper training and seminars should be conducted for employees. Chittenden and Bragg (1997) report that when a small business is suffering from late payment there is an increase in short-term bank borrowing, or delay in payments to creditors. When this occurs small business then has to over commit themselves which leads to the next two comments that "There is a definite down turn since GST. Money is very much tighter. In an arts and craft business experiencing very much reduced turnover" and "I spend a lot more time monitoring cash flow, with more work and less cash" sums up what the small business owner-manager is experiencing. Petzke and Murphy (2001) reported that the introduction of the GST and consequent rep orting requirements had put stress on marriages and 'ruined some small businesses with red

Expository research paper Essay Example for Free

Expository research paper Essay Minority students have been discriminated against for a very long time; many people think that minorities don’t have the same opportunities as others, but in reality they have many advantages. Minority students have opportunities to get into good colleges and getting more scholarships than other non-minority students. Colleges look for the obvious things like grades, and extracurricular activities and all those things but what most really want is to have diversity in the college and therefore colleges need minority students. Colleges read students’ applications thoroughly, so colleges’ look for stuff that sticks out, stuff that makes a student different than the rest one thing that might sticks out is race. In the article is says, â€Å"An applicants final determination of what to say about race is often made consultation with a college counselor. Many counselors may convey to families that a multiracial applicant has a better chance of being admitted to a highly selective college than those in any other racial or ethnic category. †(Saulny). This tells how a multiracial student may have a better chance of getting into a good college than those in other racial or ethnic categories. â€Å"Many private scholarships are geared toward minorities because they are looking for something in particular†(Borowski). The author talks about how private colleges seek at minorities, which tells that they consider race are when choosing students. Molina 2 Scholarships are used to help students get into college, but some scholarships are targeted to specific students, most likely minority students. This also could equal disadvantages to non-minority students. In this article the author says, â€Å"Some private scholarships are based on a students characteristics such as race, ethnicity, and religion, and some are based on professional affiliations or future career choices†(Borowski). Private scholarships look for very specific things in students which show how much of a disadvantage some students have in. The article talks about one student’s problem, â€Å"As Johnson found, private scholarships can extremely selective. â€Å"When I research all the grants and scholarships out there, they are all really specific, targeted towards everyone but me, he says, Are you a Pacific islander who plays tuba? There is a scholarship for you. Or a woman from an inner city who works with animals? There’s a grant for you. But a hard working boy from the suburbs? Nothing. †(Borowski). The author shows how very specific scholarships can be and how they affect other people who do not fit the description of what that scholarship wants. Another reason why minorities have an advantage is because of stereotypes even if it doesn’t apply to that student. In an article a student says, â€Å"I just realized that my race is something I have to think about,† she describes herself as having an Asian mother and a black father. â€Å"It pains me to say this, but putting down black might help admission. †(Saulny). This states how putting down a specific race might better or worsen someone’s chances depending on that particular race. A mother states, â€Å"My 17 year old son is a high B student and an excellent athlete, but we’ve been unable to find any scholarships for him because he’s white. † Elizabeth says, Johnson also says â€Å"We aren’t wealthy. We don’t take on fancy vacations and we do without a lot of things. Yet because I’m white, I don’t get a hand. There are all kinds or nationalities at Molina 3 my high school, whose families have a lot more money than we have, and yet they are getting scholarships. †(Saulny). This tells how stereotypes can give minority students an advantage by colleges stereotyping and giving help to those who don’t really need it instead of to the ones that do. Minority students also think that it is a disadvantage being a minority but in reality it can be an advantage against non-minority students. Minority students are what colleges look for. There are scholarships targeted towards minorities, and due to stereotypes there are advantages. These affect more than just minority students, it basically affects everyone because being a non-minority is at a disadvantage of getting a scholarship or getting into a good college. In today’s society someone’s race could affect their future. Saulny, Susan, and Jacques Steinberg. On College Forms, a Question of Race, or Races, Can Perplex. New York Times 13 June 2011: n. pag. The New York Times. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http://www. nytimes. com/2011/06/14/us/ 14admissions. html? pagewanted=all_r=2. Borowski, Susan. Scholarships and the White Male: Disadvantaged or Not? Insight into Diversity. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http://www. insightintodiversity. com/ scholarships-and-the-white-male-disadvantaged-or-not-by-susan-borowski.

Essay on the Artist as Hero in A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man

The Artist as Hero in A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man  Ã‚        Ã‚   A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man by James Joyce is a partly autobiographical account of the author's life growing up.   The novel chronicles the process through which the main character, Stephen, struggles against authority and religious doctrine to develop his own philosophies on life.   Stephen is not necessarily rebelling against God and his father as much as he is finding his own person, creating his own life.   He is an artist, not because of the outcome of his life, but because of the process he goes through to achieve that outcome.   The artist is a hero because of the sacrifices he makes, the persecution he endures, and the risks he undertakes merely to set foot towards his vision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Joyce demonstrates that whether or not Stephen achieved his vision is insignificant to the actual journey itself.   First of all, the novel concludes not with the outcome of Stephen's life but with the beginning stages of his journey.   "Old father, old artificer, stand me now and ever in good stead," he writes in the last sentence of the novel.   Joyce purposefully ends the book before Stephen's sets off, to emphasize that the process he undergoes to reach that point where he can reject the very foundation upon what his life was based is where the importance lies.   The infamous hell scene spans over twenty pages not to frighten the reader as much as to show how difficult it is to even become an artist and fight conformity.   All process towards breaking away is lost after the preacher's sermon on hell, as shown in the following passage: He beat his breast with his fist humbly, secretly under cover of the wooden armrest.   He would be at one with others... ...d for his art, seeing that his religion is no good for his heart, he forges a new life and religion for his own, fulfilling his destiny as an artist.    Works Cited Beebe, Maurice.   "The Artist as Hero." James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a   Young Man:   Text, Criticism, and Notes.   Ed.   Chester G. Anderson.   New   York:   Penguin, 1968.   340-57. Ellmann, Richard.   "The Limits of Joyce's Naturalism." Sewanee Review 63   (1955):  Ã‚   567-75. Givens, Seon, ed.   James Joyce:   Two Decades of Criticism. New York:   1948. 2nd ed.   1963. Joyce, James.   A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.   The Portable James Joyce.   Ed.  Ã‚   Harry   Levin.   New   York:   Penguin, 1976. Power, Arthur.   Conversations with James Joyce.   Ed. Clive Hart.   London:  Ã‚   Millington, 1974. Wright, David G.   Characters of Joyce.   Dublin:   Gill and Macmillan, 1983.       Essay on the Artist as Hero in A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man The Artist as Hero in A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man  Ã‚        Ã‚   A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man by James Joyce is a partly autobiographical account of the author's life growing up.   The novel chronicles the process through which the main character, Stephen, struggles against authority and religious doctrine to develop his own philosophies on life.   Stephen is not necessarily rebelling against God and his father as much as he is finding his own person, creating his own life.   He is an artist, not because of the outcome of his life, but because of the process he goes through to achieve that outcome.   The artist is a hero because of the sacrifices he makes, the persecution he endures, and the risks he undertakes merely to set foot towards his vision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Joyce demonstrates that whether or not Stephen achieved his vision is insignificant to the actual journey itself.   First of all, the novel concludes not with the outcome of Stephen's life but with the beginning stages of his journey.   "Old father, old artificer, stand me now and ever in good stead," he writes in the last sentence of the novel.   Joyce purposefully ends the book before Stephen's sets off, to emphasize that the process he undergoes to reach that point where he can reject the very foundation upon what his life was based is where the importance lies.   The infamous hell scene spans over twenty pages not to frighten the reader as much as to show how difficult it is to even become an artist and fight conformity.   All process towards breaking away is lost after the preacher's sermon on hell, as shown in the following passage: He beat his breast with his fist humbly, secretly under cover of the wooden armrest.   He would be at one with others... ...d for his art, seeing that his religion is no good for his heart, he forges a new life and religion for his own, fulfilling his destiny as an artist.    Works Cited Beebe, Maurice.   "The Artist as Hero." James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a   Young Man:   Text, Criticism, and Notes.   Ed.   Chester G. Anderson.   New   York:   Penguin, 1968.   340-57. Ellmann, Richard.   "The Limits of Joyce's Naturalism." Sewanee Review 63   (1955):  Ã‚   567-75. Givens, Seon, ed.   James Joyce:   Two Decades of Criticism. New York:   1948. 2nd ed.   1963. Joyce, James.   A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.   The Portable James Joyce.   Ed.  Ã‚   Harry   Levin.   New   York:   Penguin, 1976. Power, Arthur.   Conversations with James Joyce.   Ed. Clive Hart.   London:  Ã‚   Millington, 1974. Wright, David G.   Characters of Joyce.   Dublin:   Gill and Macmillan, 1983.      

Descent from the Cross

In Rubens’ Descent from the Cross the element that makes the oil on canvas baroque in nature is that of the attention to detail. Rubens’ was contrary in his painting, which was a personal part of his artistry and not defined by the Baroque art period. His bodies in his paintings, though in action or even in repose were depicted although with muscles tone, the muscles seemed flaccid, as is the case in the above mentioned painting. The wounds of Christ are Baroque in their depiction because it is the opposite of what previous artistic movements has focused upon.There is the revelation of power in the gathering disciples and in the color palate being manipulated in the painting the subtle tones and the attention to chiaroscuro is what gives the painting a very Rubenesque feel. The viewer’s attention again is draw towards the bodies; albeit muscular, they are not showing signs of body fat, they are perfected in their grief, and in the area of opposites, this is what Rubens wanted to capture; the perfect body juxtaposed with very human emotions; the god body paired with humanity.In exact contrast to Rubens depiction of Christ’s flaccid yet toned body, Velazquez gives the viewer a Christ who hangs somber on the cross. His body is in classic Greek contrapposto; his body is aligned in an S-curve. The starkness of the painting; the black background, and the striking whiteness of Christ’s body adds to the power of the moment; the messiah on the cross. Rubens’ painting was chaotic with colors, but Velazquez shows restraint in this painting by allowing the moment, and the feeling transcend the painting, by toning down the colors. As opposed to Rubens’ Christ, Velazquez introduces the viewer to the bodies position on canvas.Rubens engaged other participants with Christs’ movement off the cross. Rubens has a similar piece which is depicting Christ being hoisted upon the cross. Velazquez on the other hand shows Christ so litary in the painting; he endures by himself, which is in itself a great contrast to the jumble of bodies prevalent in Rubens piece. Rubens also denoted a lot of muscle mass to Christ while Velazquez depicts his Christ more like a younger, realistic man; Velazquez makes his Christ human with human qualities and while Rubens portrays Christ bleeding the same human sentiment is not shown.Velazquez shows Christ himself grieving on the cross instead of Rubens’ painting where everyone but Christ is grieving and this is what makes Velazquez’s Christ human. Titian portrays Magdalene in somber tones, that are prevalent throughout the High Renaissance. The tones and colors used create a mood of reserved trepidation and the facial expression used is that of inquiry. This inquisitiveness is subtle in Titian’s art, but in certain facial expressions and through the use of color, the look of the characters becomes sometimes inquisitive, royal, or even pensive. The dark yet v ibrant colors employed by Titian exhibit a dreamlike state.The bodies contrapositions to one another serve to pair them, or in other Titian art, the sole character has body movements that puzzle together. What is typical in a Titian painting and Christ Appearing to the Magdalene is not exception, is the muted colors. The Rubens’ painting The Raising of the Cross is similar in fashion to Titian’s portrayal. Both use excellent color combinations to enhance the shadows in the paintings. The highlights on Christ’s body in Rubens’ painting is simply astonishing. The rest of the figures are clad in shadow, especially their faces.The curious counterpoint to this technique is that Titian uses shadow just as eloquently but with different results. Rubens’ shadows implore the viewer to judge the paintings, the scan the highlighted figure and question why the other figures are caste in shadow. Titian’s painting also begs the question of the shadows but his point is more clearly made; shadow is consistent with grief. If the viewer takes another glance of Rubens’ painting they will see that the shadowy figures’ faces are looking away from Christ in shame while one stares straight at him with wide-struck eyes as if not only in disbelief but in fear.Rubens was unique in incorporating foreground activity in his paintings. In The Raising of the Cross, there a dog in the foreground interested in the human activity (also, dogs are synonymous with loyalty; albeit, Rubens wanted to incorporate that idea with Christ). Rubens liked to have the human body in action in a specific setting, as has been the case for the previously analyzed Rubens painting. Rubens’ painting had an Italian influence with the male body. Just as Michelangelo depicted the male body in supreme example of humanity based after the Greek forms, so did Rubens want Christ to resemble those same perfected bodies.Titian’s painting does not do this, but instead, like Velazquez focuses on Christ’s humanity. Rubens had elements of other artists involved with his paintings such as the Caravaggio technique with light, making Christ the holder and light attraction in the paintings, highlighting his person and shadowing the rest. Also, the painting is a hubbub of activity which is reminiscent of Tintoretto’s busy canvases. The body’s of Rubens’ artwork seem to be bursting from the canvas, not only because of their muscle mass but the activity they are accomplishing and the fact that Rubens did not allow the edge of the canvas to dictate the end of action.One man’s body is cut off, lost to the edge of the canvas just as on the other side another man is constructed in similar fashion. This is not seen with Titian, even though he takes the body in asymmetric alignment with other points on the canvas. Rubens focuses his bodies in a diagonal axis in order to distribute action throughout the canvas. This is another point where Titian is different; his action does not give way for diagonals. Works Cited Sporre, Dennis. (2008). The Creative Impulse: An Introduction to the Arts. 8th edition. Prentice Hall.

Assessment and Learners Essay - 1015 Words

4 Understand how to involve learners and others in assessment 4.1 Explain the importance of involving the learner and others in the assessment process Assessment is all about making judgements. A major argument for involving students in self and peer-assessment is that it helps them to develop the ability to make judgements, in particular about themselves and their work. This is an important life skill as well as an academic one. If an assessor wants to observe a specific piece of evidence but is unable to because maybe it hasn’t occurred in any methods of assessment; this is where it’s important for others to get involved for example the managers or the colleagues. The workers can motivate the learner when the assessor is not around.†¦show more content†¦Self-assessment is a natural progression and grows out of peer assessment. It allows the students to examine their own work and discover strengths and weaknesses for themselves. This can be carried out through reflective practice through a diary of learning or learning log that allows the student to see progression and reflect upon the journey. Its important to incorporate some aspect of self-assessment every day, if possible, in order for students to take responsibility and interest in their abilities. Another way of using self-assessment is by asking the students to give themselves a grade on the work that they have completed before handing in the work to the marking criteria set, or for student looks at their assignment and marks green for questions that they feels confident about, yellow for questions that they are unsure of and red for questions that will require help. 4.4 Explain how assessment arrangements can be adapted to meet the needs of individual learners Assessment arrangements can be adapted by allowing the learners to have an element of choice on how the criterion is assessed. This will allow the learners to feel included and means that the tutor is not offering an alternative or necessarily forcing the learner to disclose their lack of understanding or forcing adjustment. AnShow MoreRelatedEssay Assessment and Learner1780 Words   |  8 Pagesfunction of assessment in learning and development The function of assessment in learning and development is to provide a measure for the learners progress. Assessment is carried out through checks throughout the course, and at end of course. activities can help the learner to see their development whilst allowing the Assessor to give valuable feedback when appropriate. This is to measure the learners understanding of the subject set by the criteria. 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